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		<title>NCPIC - AIC Bulletins</title>
		<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/</link>
		<description>A publication that deals with a range of cannabis-related issues from a criminal justice perspective</description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<generator>NCPIC website</generator>
		<language>en</language>


		<item>
			<title>Research into practice brief 2: ‘What works’ in the policing of street-level cannabis markets?</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/research-into-practice-brief-2-what-works-in-the-policing-of-street-level-cannabis-markets</link>
			<pubDate>Tue, 31 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>


			<dc:creator>Katie Willis</dc:creator>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/572</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[One important objective of street-level drug law enforcement is to disrupt drug supply within local drug markets. Research evidence indicates that street-level illicit drug markets can be effectively disrupted by police, with the degree of disruption largely dependent on how open or closed the market is. Open markets are generally place and time specific. That is, they operate in a particular location at a certain time of the day. In contrast, closed markets often occur where access to the market is via known or trusted participants and where exchanges are not necessarily bound by a particular location or time. Australian street-level cannabis markets largely reflect the second of these broad types of drug markets (Willis 2008).]]></description>


		</item>


		<item>
			<title>Policing cannabis and other illicit substances in remote Indigenous Australian communities</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/policing-cannabis-and-other-illicit-substances-in-remote-indigenous-australian-communities</link>
			<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>


			<dc:creator>Amanda McAtamney & Katie Willis</dc:creator>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/556</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Indigenous people (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians) comprise around three percent of the total Australian population. In 2008, just over two-thirds (68%) of Indigenous people lived outside major cities, with 44 percent living in regional areas and 24 percent living in remote (or very remote) areas. More than half of the Indigenous population lived in New South Wales and Queensland (30% and 28%, respectively) with a further 13 percent living in Western Australia and 12 percent residing in the Northern Territory (ABS 2009).]]></description>


		</item>


		<item>
			<title>Research into Practice Brief 1: What does program effectiveness mean in relation to drug diversion initiatives?</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/what-does-program-effectiveness-mean-in-relation-to-drug-diversion-initiatives-research-into-practice-brief-1</link>
			<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jun 2010 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>


			<dc:creator>Katie Willis</dc:creator>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/548</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[&lsquo;Program effectiveness&rsquo; is a term frequently used by researchers, policy-makers and practitioners to describe how well a program is performing; however, what this actually means to different professional audiences varies markedly. For example, what is understood to be program effectiveness in relation to illicit drug diversion differs according to the point in the criminal justice system from which an offender is diverted. This brief provides some insights into this issue and suggests that a shared understanding of a program&rsquo;s effectiveness contributes to the overall success of that program.]]></description>


		</item>


		<item>
			<title>Polydrug use among cannabis users</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/polydrug-use-among-cannabis-users</link>
			<pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/458</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Research literature most commonly describes polydrug use in one of two ways; as either concurrent or simultaneous polydrug use. Concurrent polydrug use is where a minimum of two substances are used within the same time-period (for example, within a four-week period). Simultaneous polydrug use is a specific form of concurrent polydrug use where users combine two or more substances on the same occasion. Simultaneous polydrug use is associated with increased risks through the additive and synergetic effects of the combination of chemicals from the different drugs (Smit, Monshouwer &amp; Verdurmen 2002).]]></description>


		</item>


		<item>
			<title>Intermediate court-based diversion in Australia</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/intermediate-court-based-diversion-in-australia</link>
			<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2009 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>


			<dc:creator>Katie Willis and Jennifer Ahmad</dc:creator>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/324</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[There are several forms of drug diversion interventions that operate across a number of different points in the Australian criminal justice system. These interventions fall into three major clusters: police diversion, court-level diversion and drug court diversion initiatives. As outlined in a previous AIC Bulletin (Olgilvie &amp; Willis 2009), these interventions are focused on diverting eligible individuals into education and/or treatment services, rather than to alternative forms of processing in the criminal justice system. This bulletin, largely based on a review of Australian diversion interventions (Wundersitz 2007), describes a group of interventions that are specifically designed to respond to regular drug-using offenders. These interventions are often referred to as &lsquo;intermediate court-based programs&rsquo; or &lsquo;court-mandated drug diversion programs&rsquo;. They are differentiated here from the more intensive formal drug court programs that typically deal with offenders who have entrenched histories of offending and (often) polydrug use and who face imprisonment if they do not comply with program orders. In addition, unlike drug courts (in which a dedicated judicial officer or magistrate is appointed specifically to hear drug-related matters) court-based diversion programs do not require a fundamental shift in the way the court conducts its business. While most participants of court-based drug diversion use multiple drug types (see below), many list cannabis as their primary drug of concern and as being integral to their overall drug use problem.]]></description>


		</item>


		<item>
			<title>Police drug diversion in Australia</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/police-drug-diversion-in-australia</link>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>


			<dc:creator>Jennifer Ogilvie and Katie Willis</dc:creator>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/293</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Diversion involves the redirection of offenders away from conventional criminal justice processes, with the aim of minimising levels of contact with the formal criminal justice system. Drug diversion programs have become increasingly popular in recent years for many reasons. These include the increased levels of incarceration of people for drug-related offences across much of the developed world, growing evidence that punitive responses alone have been unsuccessful in preventing the use of illicit drugs and the criminal activity associated with their use, and increasing awareness that (for many offenders) custodial sentences further compound harms associated with drug use (Bull 2003).]]></description>


		</item>


		<item>
			<title>Cannabis supply into and within Australia</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/cannabis-supply-into-and-within-australia</link>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jul 2008 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>


			<dc:creator>Kate Willis</dc:creator>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/98</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug nationally and internationally, and is generally considered easily available (ACC 2007). In the most recent National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS), it was reported that one in three Australians aged 14 years and over had used cannabis at least once in their life, with around 1.5 million indicating use in the past 12 months (AIHW 2008).]]></description>


		</item>


		<item>
			<title>Policing and cannabis use in Australia</title>
			<link>http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/policing-and-cannabis-use-in-australia</link>
			<pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2008 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>


			<dc:creator>Julia Tresidder and Carly Shaddock</dc:creator>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ncpic.org.au/ncpic/publications/aic-bulletins/article/70</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Cannabis is illegal in all states and territories across Australia. Each jurisdiction has legislation relating to the cultivation, supply, possession and use of cannabis. In some jurisdictions, minor cannabis possession offences may be dealt with using civil penalties in particular circumstances. In addition, diversionary schemes are in place in most jurisdictions&hellip;]]></description>


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