Online Catalogue

Evaluation of Delta(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol detection using DrugWipe5S((R)) screening and oral fluid quantification after Quantisal collection for roadside drug detection via a controlled study with chronic cannabis users Author(s): Wille SM, Di Fazio V, Toennes SW, van Wel JH, Ramaekers JG, Samyn N
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug testing and analysis
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 178-186
Keywords: cannabis, testing
Year Published: 2024

The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects Author(s): van Amsterdam J, Brunt T, van den Brink W
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
Volume: 29
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 254-263
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

The Relationship between Bipolar Disorder and Cannabis Use in Daily Life: An Experience Sampling Study Author(s): Tyler E, Jones S, Black N, Carter LA, Barrowclough C
Document type: Journal article
Journal: PloS one
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page numbers: e0118916
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

Marijuana use in models for health outcomes Author(s): Thompson CA, Hay JW.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The American journal of medicine
Volume: 128
Issue: 3
Page numbers: e23
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2024

Investigating cannabis use normalization by distinguishing between experimental and regular use: a multilevel study in 31 countries Author(s): Sznitman SR, Kolobov T, Ter Bogt T, Kuntsche E, Walsh SD, Harel-Fisch Y.
Document type: Journal artilce
Journal: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
Volume: 76
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 181-189
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

The power of the proposition: Frequency of marijuana offers, parental knowledge, and adolescent marijuana use Author(s): Siegel JT, Tan CN, Navarro MA, Alvaro EM, Crano WD
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 148
Page numbers: 34-39
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Prevalence of medical marijuana use in California, 2012 Author(s): Ryan-Ibarra S, Induni M, Ewing D
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol review
Volume: 34
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 141-146
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Inhaled medicinal cannabis and the immunocompromised patient Author(s): Ruchlemer R, Amit-Kohn M, Raveh D, Hanus L.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 819-822
Keywords: cannabis, health, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis and schizophrenia Author(s): Pushpa-Rajah JA, McLoughlin BC, Gillies D, Rathbone J, Variend H, Kalakouti E, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Schizophrenia bulletin
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 336-337
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

Global patterns of domestic cannabis cultivation: Sample characteristics and patterns of growing across eleven countries Author(s): Potter GR, Barratt MJ, Malm A, Bouchard M, Blok T, Christensen AS, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 226-237
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Assessing the harms of cannabis cultivation in Belgium Author(s): Paoli L, Decorte T, Kersten L.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 277-289
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Examining the role of common genetic variants on alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and illicit drug dependence: genetics of vulnerability to drug dependence Author(s): Palmer RH, Brick L, Nugent NR, Bidwell LC, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 110
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 530-537
Keywords: cannabis, genetics
Year Published: 2024

Craving is associated with amygdala volumes in adolescent marijuana users during abstinence Author(s): Padula CB, McQueeny T, Lisdahl KM, Price JS, Tapert SF.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 127-132
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2024

herapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Counteracting Chemotherapy-induced Adverse Effects: An Exploratory Review Author(s): Ostadhadi S, Rahmatollahi M, Dehpour AR, Rahimian R.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Phytotherapy research
Volume: 29
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 332-338
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Change in perceived risk associated with marijuana use in the United States from 2002 to 2012 Author(s): Okaneku J, Vearrier D, McKeever RG, LaSala GS, Greenberg MI.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa)
Volume: 53
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 151-155
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis sativa: the unconventional "weed" allergen. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology Author(s): Ocampo TL, Rans TS.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
Volume: 114
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 187-192
Keywords: cannabis, respiratory health
Year Published: 2024

Use and diversion of medical marijuana among adults admitted to inpatient psychiatry Author(s): Nussbaum AM, Thurstone C, McGarry L, Walker B, Sabel AL.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 166-172
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Production, perceptions, and punishment: Restrictive deterrence in the context of cannabis cultivation Author(s): Nguyen H, Malm A, Bouchard M.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Nguyen H, Malm A, Bouchard M.
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 267-276
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal: A new demand on detoxification services Author(s): Macfarlane V, Christie G
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol review
Volume: 34
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 147-153
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2024

Half-baked--the retail promotion of marijuana edibles Author(s): MacCoun RJ, Mello MM
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The New England journal of medicine
Volume: 372
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 989-991
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Attitudes of cannabis growers to regulation of cannabis cultivation under a non-prohibition cannabis model Author(s): Lenton S, Frank VA, Barratt MJ, Dahl HV, Potter GR
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 257-266
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Impact of age at onset of cannabis use on cannabis dependence and driving under the influence in the United States Author(s): Le Strat Y, Dubertret C, Le Foll B.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Accident; analysis and prevention
Volume: 76
Page numbers: 1-5
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis and creativity: highly potent cannabis impairs divergent thinking in regular cannabis users Author(s): Kowal MA, Hazekamp A, Colzato LS, van Steenbergen H, van der Wee NJ, Durieux J, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 232
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1123-1134
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, potency
Year Published: 2024

The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for movement disorders Author(s): Kluger B, Triolo P, Jones W, Jankovic J.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 313-327
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis control policy - no rational basis yet for legalization Author(s): Kalant H
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans Author(s): Iseger TA, Bossong MG.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Schizophrenia research
Volume: 162
Issue: 1-3
Page numbers: 153-161
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

Associations between cigarette smoking and cannabis dependence: A longitudinal study of young cannabis users in the United Kingdom Author(s): Hindocha C, Shaban ND, Freeman TP, Das RK, Gale G, Schafer G, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 148
Page numbers: 165-171
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Four barriers and a set of values that prevent violence among cannabis growers Author(s): Hammersvik E.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 290-295
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Possible causes and consequences of reduced perceptions of the risks of using cannabis Author(s): Hall W, Morley K.
Document type: journal article
Journal: Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa)
Volume: 53
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 141-142
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2024

Growing medicine: Small-scale cannabis cultivation for medical purposes in six different countries Author(s): Hakkarainen P, Frank VA, Barratt MJ, Dahl HV, Decorte T, Karjalainen K, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 250-256
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis and stroke: systematic appraisal of case reports Author(s): Hackam DG
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation
Volume: 46
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 852-856
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2024

The effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on fetal development and pregnancy outcomes: a protocol Author(s): Gunn JK, Rosales CB, Center KE, Nunez AV, Gibson SJ, Ehiri JE.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: BMJ open
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page numbers: e007227
Keywords: cannabis, pregnancy
Year Published: 2024

Medical marijuana's public health lessons--implications for retail marijuana in Colorado Author(s): Ghosh TS, Van Dyke M, Maffey A, Whitley E, Erpelding D, Wolk L.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The New England journal of medicine
Volume: 372
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 991-993
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

How Cannabis Causes Paranoia: Using the Intravenous Administration of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to Identify Key Cognitive Mechanisms Leading to Paranoia Author(s): Freeman D, Dunn G, Murray RM, Evans N, Lister R, Antley A, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Schizophrenia bulletin
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 391-399
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

Alterations of Monetary Reward and Punishment Processing in Chronic Cannabis Users: An fMRI Study Author(s): Enzi B, Lissek S, Edel MA, Tegenthoff M, Nicolas V, Scherbaum N, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: PloS one
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page numbers: e0119150
Keywords: cannabis, cognition
Year Published: 2024

The combined effects of alcohol and cannabis on driving: Impact on crash risk Author(s): Dubois S, Mullen N, Weaver B, Bedard M
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Forensic science international
Volume: 248
Page numbers: 94-100
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2024

Placebo Effects in a Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Enriched Clinical Trial with the Oromucosal Cannabinoid Spray (THC/CBD): Dimension and Possible Causes Author(s): Di Marzo V, Centonze D.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: CNS neuroscience & therapeutics
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 215-221
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2024

The influence of age and gender on the likelihood of endorsing cannabis abuse/dependence criteria Author(s): Delforterie MJ, Creemers HE, Agrawal A, Lynskey MT, Jak S, Huizink AC.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Addictive behaviors
Volume: 42
Page numbers: 172-175
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

The globalisation of cannabis cultivation: A growing challenge Author(s): Decorte T, Potter GR
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 221-225
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Behavioral therapies for treatment-seeking cannabis users: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Author(s): Davis ML, Powers MB, Handelsman P, Medina JL, Zvolensky M, Smits JA.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Evaluation & the health professions
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 94-114
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis and psychosis revisited Author(s): Damjanovic A, Pantovic M, Damjanovic A, Dunjic-Kostic B, Ivkovic M, Milovanovic S, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Psychiatria Danubina
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 97-100
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis cultivation in Quebec: Between space-time hotspots and coldspots Author(s): Chadillon-Farinacci V, Apparicio P, Morselli C.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 311-322
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Event-specific cannabis use and use-related impairment: the relationship to campus traditions. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs Author(s): Buckner JD, Henslee AM, Jeffries ER
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
Volume: 76
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 190-194
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2024

"Should I Buy or Should I Grow?" How drug policy institutions and drug market transaction costs shape the decision to self-supply with cannabis in the Netherlands and the Czech Republic Author(s): Belackova V, Maalste N, Zabransky T, Grund JP.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 296-310
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Impacts of surface water diversions for marijuana cultivation on aquatic habitat in four northwestern california watersheds Author(s): Bauer S, Olson J, Cockrill A, van Hattem M, Miller L, Tauzer M, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: PloS one
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page numbers: e0120016
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

The impact of cannabis use on clinical outcomes in recent onset psychosis Author(s): Barrowclough C, Gregg L, Lobban F, Bucci S, Emsley R.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Schizophrenia bulletin
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 382-390
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

Lessons from conducting trans-national Internet-mediated participatory research with hidden populations of cannabis cultivators Author(s): Barratt MJ, Potter GR, Wouters M, Wilkins C, Werse B, Perala J, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 238-249
Year Published: 2024

Representativeness of online purposive sampling with Australian cannabis cultivators Author(s): Barratt MJ, Lenton S.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 323-326
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Characteristics of substance use disorder treatment patients using medical cannabis for pain. Addictive behaviors Author(s): Ashrafioun L, Bohnert KM, Jannausch M, Ilgen MA.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Addictive behaviors
Volume: 42
Page numbers: 185-188
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Effects of marijuana use on impulsivity and hostility in daily life. Author(s): Ansell EB, Laws HB, Roche MJ, Sinha R.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 148
Page numbers: 136-142
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2024

The impact of marijuana policies on youth: clinical, research, and legal update Author(s): Ammerman S, Ryan S, Adelman WP.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pediatrics
Volume: 135
Issue: 3
Page numbers: e769-785
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Ramifications of recent developments in Turkey's southeast on cannabis cultivation. The International journal on drug policy Author(s): Akgul A, Yilmaz K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 330-331
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Are Moroccan cannabis growers able to adapt to recent European market trend? Author(s): Afsahi, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 327-329
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis and bipolar disorder: does quitting cannabis use during manic/mixed episode improve clinical/functional outcomes? Author(s): Zorrilla I, Aguado J, Haro JM, Barbeito S, López Zurbano S, Ortiz A, López P, Gonzalez-Pinto A
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
Volume: 131
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 100-110
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, cognition
Year Published: 2024

Heterogeneity in men's marijuana use in the 20s: Adolescent antecedents and consequences in the 30s Author(s): Washburn IJ, Capaldi DM
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Development and psychopathology
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 279-291
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Association Between Cannabis Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: Results From the California Men's Health Study Author(s): Thomasa AA, Wallner LP, Quinn VP, Slezak J, Van Den Eedenc SK, Chiena GW, Jacobsenb SJ
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Urology
Volume: 85
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 388-393
Keywords: cannabis, health effects
Year Published: 2024

Does marijuana pose risks for chronic airflow obstruction? Author(s): Tashkin DP
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Annals of the American Thoracic Society
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 235-236
Keywords: cannabis, respiratory health effects
Year Published: 2024

Medical cannabis: time for clear thinking Author(s): Penington DG
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The Medical journal of Australia
Volume: 202
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 74-75
Keywords: cannabis, policy, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

What is the Association of Cannabis Consumption and Cardiovascular Complications? Author(s): Panayiotides IM
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Substance abuse : research and treatment
Volume: 9
Page numbers: 1-3
Keywords: cannabis, health effects
Year Published: 2024

Allowing cigarette or marijuana smoking in the home and car: prevalence and correlates in a young adult sample Author(s): Padilla M, Berg CJ, Schauer GL, Lang DL, Kegler MC
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Health education research
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 179-191
Keywords: Cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

Medical marijuana: Hints of headway? Despite a conflicted regulatory landscape, support for medical marijuana is growing amid increasing evidence of potential benefits Author(s): Nelson B
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Cancer cytopathology
Volume: 123
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 67-68
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2024

The role of cannabinoids in regulation of nausea and vomiting, and visceral pain Author(s): Malik Z, Baik D, Schey R
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Current gastroenterology reports
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 429
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis, tobacco smoking, and lung function: a cross-sectional observational study in a general practice population Author(s): Macleod J, Robertson R, Copeland L, McKenzie J, Elton R, Reid P
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners
Volume: 65
Issue: 631
Page numbers: e89-95
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, respiratory
Year Published: 2024

Medical marijuana: review of the science and implications for developmental-behavioral pediatric practice Author(s): Hadland SE, Knight JR, Harris SK
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Volume: 36
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 115-123
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis use among juvenile detainees: Typology, frequency and association Document type: Journal article
Journal: Criminal behaviour and mental health : CBMH
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 54-65
Keywords: cannabis, adolescence, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Young adult cannabis users report greater propensity for risk-taking only in non-monetary domains Author(s): Gilman JM, Calderon V, Curran MT, Evins AE
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 26-31
Keywords: cannabis, adolescence, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Medical marijuana for digestive disorders: high time to prescribe? Author(s): Gerich ME, Isfort RW, Brimhall B, Siegel CA
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The American journal of gastroenterology
Volume: 110
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 208-214
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Risk-taking in schizophrenia and controls with and without cannabis dependence Author(s): Fischer BA, McMahon RP, Kelly DL, Wehring HJ, Meyer WA, Feldman S, Carpenter WT, Gorelick DA
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Schizophrenia research
Volume: 161
Issue: 2-3
Page numbers: 471-477
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2024

Experience of adjunctive cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: Findings from the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study Author(s): Degenhardt L, Lintzeris N, Campbell G, Bruno R, Cohen M, Farrell M, Hall WD.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 144-150
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis social clubs in Belgium: organizational strengths and weaknesses, and threats to the model Author(s): Decorte T
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 122-130
Keywords: cannabis, health effects, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Twitter chatter about marijuana Author(s): Cavazos-Rehg PA, Krauss M, Fisher SL, Salyer P, Grucza RA, Bierut LJ
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
Volume: 56
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 139-145
Keywords: cannabis, health information, internet
Year Published: 2024

Cannabis use disorder as a correlate of suicide attempts among people with bipolar disorder. Author(s): Carra G, Bartoli F, Crocamo C, Brady KT, Clerici M
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Bipolar disorders
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 113-114
Keywords: cannabis, health effects, adolescence, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Antecedents and consequences of cannabis use among racially diverse cannabis users: An analysis from Ecological Momentary Assessment Author(s): Buckner JD, Zvolensky MJ, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Ecker AH, Richter A
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 20-25
Year Published: 2024

Medicinal use of cannabis in Europe: The fact that more countries legalize the medicinal use of cannabis should not become an argument for unfettered and uncontrolled use Author(s): Bifulco M, Pisanti S
Document type: Journal article
Journal: EMBO reports
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 130-132
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

The Cannabinoid Use in Progressive Inflammatory brain Disease (CUPID) trial: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group multicentre trial and economic evaluation of cannabinoids to slow progression in multiple sclerosis Author(s): Ball S, Vickery J, Hobart J, Wright D, Green C, Shearer J, Nunn A, Gomez Cano M, MacManus D, Miller D, Mallik S, Zajicek J
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Health Technology Assessment
Volume: 19
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 1-188
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal use
Year Published: 2024

Marijuana motivations across adolescence: impacts on use and consequences Author(s): Anderson KG, Sitney M, White HR
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Substance use and misuse
Volume: 50
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 292-301
Keywords: cannabis, adolescence, epidemiology
Year Published: 2024

Experience of adjunctive cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: Findings from the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study Author(s): Degenhardt, L., Lintzeris, N., Campbell, G., Bruno, R., Cohen, M., Farrell, M., Hall, W.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 144-150
Year Published: 2024

Quit cannabis: an expert guide to coping with cravings and withdrawal, unscrambling your brain and kicking the habit for good Author(s): Copeland, J., Rooke, S., Matalon, E.
Document type: Book
Year Published: 2024

Handbook of cannabis Author(s): Hall, W., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Book chapter
Page numbers: 692-709
Year Published: 2014

Harm reduction policies for cannabis Author(s): Hall, W., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Book chapter
Page numbers: 692-709

Representativeness of online purposive sampling with Australian cannabis cultivators Author(s): Barratt, M. J., Lenton, S.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advance online publication
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use and anxiety: is stress the missing piece of the puzzle? Author(s): Temple EC, Driver M, Brown RF
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Frontiers in psychiatry
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 168
Year Published: 2014

It's Not Your Mother's Marijuana: Effects on Maternal-Fetal Health and the Developing Child Author(s): Warner TD, Roussos-Ross D, Behnke M.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Clinics in perinatology
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 877-897
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use history and characteristics of quit attempts: A comparison study of treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking cannabis users Author(s): Pacek LR, Vandrey R.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
Volume: 22
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 517-523
Year Published: 2014

Lithium carbonate in the management of cannabis withdrawal: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in an inpatient setting Author(s): Johnston J, Lintzeris N, Allsop DJ, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 231
Issue: 24
Page numbers: 4623-4636
Year Published: 2014

The effects of cannabinoid administration on sleep: a systematic review of human studies Author(s): Gates PJ, Albertella L, Copeland J.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Sleep medicine reviews
Volume: 18
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 477-487
Year Published: 2014

Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users Author(s): Di Forti M, Sallis H, Allegri F, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Schizophrenia bulletin
Volume: 40
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1509-1517
Year Published: 2014

The effects of medical marijuana laws on illegal marijuana use Author(s): Chu YW
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Journal of health economics
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 43-61
Year Published: 2014

Case of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome with long-term follow-up Author(s): Cha JM, Kozarek RA, Lin OS
Document type: Journal article
Journal: World journal of clinical cases
Volume: 2
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 930-933
Year Published: 2014

Effectiveness of different web-based interventions to prepare co-smokers of cigarettes and cannabis for double cessation: a three-arm randomized controlled trial Author(s): Becker J, Haug S.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Journal of Medicla Internet Research
Volume: 16
Issue: 12
Page numbers: e273
Year Published: 2014

Detection Time for THC in Oral Fluid After Frequent Cannabis Smoking Author(s): Andas HT, Krabseth HM, Enger A, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Therapeutic drug monitoring
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 808-814
Year Published: 2014

Long-term consequences of adolescent cannabinoid exposure in adult psychopathology Author(s): Renard J, Krebs MO, Le Pen G, Jay TM
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Frontiers in neuroscience
Volume: 8
Page numbers: 361
Year Published: 2014

Adverse psychosocial outcomes associated with drug use among US high school seniors: a comparison of alcohol and marijuana Author(s): Palamar JJ, Fenstermaker M, Kamboukos D, Ompad DC, Cleland CM, Weitzman M.
Year Published: 2014

Achieving Cannabis Cessation - Evaluating N-acetylcysteine Treatment (ACCENT): Design and implementation of a multi-site, randomized controlled study in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network Author(s): McClure EA, Sonne SC, Winhusen T, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Contemporary clinical trials
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 211-223
Year Published: 2014

Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR-11 Author(s): Lemos NP
Journal: Journal of forensic sciences
Volume: 59
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1679-1683
Year Published: 2014

Is there a cannabis epidemic model? Evidence from France, Germany and USA Author(s): Legleye S, Piontek D, Pampel F, Goffette C, Khlat M, Kraus L

Predictors of onset of cannabis and other drug use in male young adults: results from a longitudinal study Author(s): Haug S, Nunez CL, Becker J, Gmel G, Schaub MP
Journal: BMC public health
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 1202
Year Published: 2014

The relative harms of marijuana and alcohol Author(s): Gorelick DA
Document type: Journal article
Journal: The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
Volume: 40
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 419-421
Year Published: 2014

Let it grow-the open market solution to marijuana control Author(s): Gettman J, Kennedy M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Harm reduction journal
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 32

Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain Author(s): Filbey FM, Aslan S, Calhoun VD, et al.
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume: 111
Issue: 47
Page numbers: 16913-16918
Year Published: 2014

Marijuana motivations across adolescence: impacts on use and consequences Author(s): Anderson KG, Sitney M, White HR
Document type: Journal article
Journal: Substance use & misuse
Volume: 50
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 292-301
Year Published: 2024

Identification and quantification of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. plants by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Author(s): Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Omar J, Navarro P, Olivares M, Etxebarria N, Usobiaga A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
Volume: 406
Issue: 29
Page numbers: 7549-7560

Youth marijuana use: state of the science for the practicing clinician Author(s): Hadland SE and Harris SK.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current opinion in pediatrics
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 420-427
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Young cannabis users in residential treatment: as distressed as other clients Author(s): Arcuri, A. J., Howard, J., Norberg, M., Copeland, J., Toson, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Use & Misuse
Volume: in press
Keywords: cannabis youth treatment
Abstract: Doubt remains about the need for residential substance user treatment for young cannabis users. Using a series of validated clinical tools, this study compared 1,221 primarily cannabis-, psychostimulant-, alcohol-, or opioid-dependent young people admitted to an urban/rural Australian residential treatment program between 2001 and 2007. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that the cannabis user group had poorer mental health than the opioid group, poorer social functioning than the alcohol drinking group, and comparably poor functioning otherwise but remained in treatment longer than the psychostimulant and opioid user groups. Residential treatment for primarily cannabis-dependent young people with complex and multiple needs can be supported.
Year Published: 2011

Young adult sequelae of adolescent cannabis use: an integrative analysis Author(s): Silins, E., Horwood, L. J., Patton, G. C., Fergusson, D. M., Olsson, D. A., Hutchinson, D. M., Spry, E., Toumbourou, J. W., Degenhardt, L., Swift, W., Coffey, C., Tait, R. J., Letcher, P., Copeland, J., Mattick, R. P., for the Cannabis Cohorts Research Co
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Lancet Psychiatry
Volume: 1
Page numbers: 286-293
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Yield and turnover of illicit indoor cannabis (Cannabis spp.) plantations in Belgium Author(s): Vanhove W, Surmont T, Van Damme P, De Ruyver B
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 220
Issue: 3/1/2014
Page numbers: 265-270
Keywords: cannabis hydroponics
Year Published: 2012

Worth the wait: effects of age of onset of marijuana use on white matter and impulsivity Author(s): Gruber, S. A., Dahlgren, M. K., Sagar, K. A., Gonenc, A., & Lukas, S. E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 231
Page numbers: 1455-1465
Keywords: cannabis, health, epidemiology, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Why do patients with psychosis use cannabis and are they ready to change their use? Author(s): Kolliakou A, Joseph C, Ismail K, Atakan Z, Murray RM
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
Volume: 29
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 335-346
Keywords: cannabis psychosis treatment
Year Published: 2011

World drug report 2011 Author(s): United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
Document type: Book
Keywords: cannabis burden
Year Published: 2011

Who Underreports Dietary Intake in a Dietary Recall? Evidence From the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Author(s): Klesges, R.C., Eck, L.H., Ray, J.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 63
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 438-444
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 1995

Who becomes cannabis dependent soon after onset of use? Epidemiological evidence from the United States: 2000 - 2001 Author(s): Chen, C-Y, Megan, S.O. & Anthony, J.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 79
Page numbers: 11/22/2014
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2005

Who Goes to Alcohol and Drug Treatment? Understanding Utilization within the Context of Insurance Author(s): Weisner, C.; Matzger, H.; Tam, T.; Schmidt, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol
Volume: 63
Page numbers: 673-682
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2002

Which biological matrix for cannabis testing? Author(s): Goulle, J. P.; Lacroix, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
Volume: 64
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 181-91
Notes: Goulle JP, Lacroix C, Review, France, English Abstract, Journal Article, Review
Keywords: cannabis other
Abstract: Decisive analytical progress for biological cannabis testing has been achieved over the past ten years. These major contributions allow to accurately identify and quantify in detail the substances present in the body following cannabinoid exposure. Fast and reliable onsite urine testing is used to implement the French law on narcotic drugs and its relationship to motorway safety. A positive test result will indicate a very recent exposure which is detectable up to five days following intake. Then a clinical examination and blood collection are performed by a physician, with a subsequent blood tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) analysis by authorized professionals registered at the judicial court of appeal. A result higher than the cut-off value is associated with a very recent cannabis exposure. Blood, urine, saliva and sweat cannabis determination are assessed according to the most recent pharmacokinetic and analytical data. [References: 42]
ISBN: 0003-4509
Year Published: 2006

Where have they been? Service use of regular substance users with and without abuse and dependence Author(s): Perkonigg, A.; Settele, A.; Pfister, H.; Hofler, M.; Frohlich, C.; Zimmermann, P.; Lieb, R.; Wittchen, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology
Volume: 41
Page numbers: 470-479
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

What is the accuracy of screening instruments for alcohol and cannabis misuse disorders among adolescents and young adults in the emergency department? Author(s): Louis, M., Ricketson, J. & Wishart, I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume: 61
Page numbers: 404-406
Keywords: cannabis, measurement
Year Published: 2013

What predictsincident use of cannabis and progression to abuse and dependence?: A 4-year prospective examination of risk factors in a community sample of adolescents and young adults Author(s): Kirsten von Sydow, Roselind Lieb, Hildegard Pfister, Michael Höfler, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 68
Page numbers: 49-64
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2002

What is the accuracy of screening instruments for alcohol and cannabis misuse disorders among adolescents and young adults in the emergency department? Author(s): Louis, M., Ricketson, J., Wishart, I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, measurement
Year Published: 2012

Weight Gain Following Smoking Cessation Author(s): Perkins, K.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 61
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 768-777
Keywords: cannabis pharmacotherapies detoxification
Year Published: 1993

Weeding out the facts: The reality about cannabis and Crohn's disease Author(s): Vu, M., Melmed, G.Y. & Targan, S.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal, health
Year Published: 2013

Weeding out the information: an ethnographic approach to exploring how young people make sense of the evidence on cannabis Author(s): Moffat, B.M., Jenkins, E.K. & Johnson, J.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Harm Reduction Journal
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 34
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents
Year Published: 2013

Waiting Time as a Barrier to Treatment Entry: Perceptions of Substance Users Author(s): Redko, C.; Rapp, R.C.; Carlson, R.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Drug Issues
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 831-852
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

Wastewater analysis reveals regional variability in exposure to abused drugs and opioids in Finland Author(s): Vuori, E., Happonen, M., Gergov, M., Nenonen, T., Järvinen, A., Ketola, R.A. & Vahala, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The science of the total environment
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Visual search behavior while viewing driving scenes under the influence of alcohol and marihuana Author(s): Moskowitz, Herbert; Ziedman, Kenneth; Sharma, Satanand
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Factors
Volume: 18
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 417-431
Notes: References, Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Examined the effects of alcohol and marihuana on visual scanning patterns in a simulated driving situation. In Exp I, 27 male heavy drinkers were divided into 3 groups of 9, defined by 3 blood alcohol content (BAC) levels produced by alcohol treatment: 0.0, 0.075, and 0.15% BACs. Significant changes in visual search behavior, including increased dwell duration, decreased dwell frequency, and increased pursuit duration and frequency, were found under alcohol. In Exp II, 10 male social users of marihuana were tested under both 0 and 200 mcg tetrahydrocannabinol per kilogram bodyweight. Marihuana had no effect on visual search behavior. Results are related to previous studies of alcohol and marihuana effects on information processing. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0018-7208
Language : English
Year Published: 1976

Visual search and urban city driving under the influence of marijuana and alcohol Author(s): Lamers, C.; Ramaekers, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
Volume: 16
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 393-401
Notes: References, Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Assessed the effects of low doses of marijuana and alcohol, and their combination, on visual search (VS) at intersections and on general driving proficiency in the City Driving Test (CDT). 16 recreational users (aged 21-40 yrs) of alcohol and marijuana participated in the study. Ss received doses of THC, alcohol or placebo. Initial drinking preceded smoking by 1 hr. The CDT commenced 15 min after smoking and lasted 45 min. The CDT was conducted over a fixed route within the city limits of Maastricht. An eye movement recording system was mounted on each Ss' head for providing relative frequency measures of appropriate VS at intersections. General driving quality was rated by a licensed driving instructor.. After placebo treatment Ss searched for traffic approaching from side streets on the right in 84% of all cases. VS frequency in these Ss did not change when they were treated with alcohol or marijuana alone. However, when treated with the combination of alcohol and marijuana, the frequency of VS dropped by 3%. Performance as rated on the Driving Proficiency Scale did not differ between treatments. It was concluded that the effects of low doses of THC and alcohol on higher-level driving skills as measured in the present study are minimal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0885-6222 1099-1077
Language : English
Year Published: 2001

Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users Author(s): Solowij, N., Jones, K.A., Rozman, M.E., Davis, S.M., Ciarrochi, J., Heaven, P.C., Lubman, D.I., & Yücel, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 216
Page numbers: 131-144
Keywords: cannabis adolescents
Year Published: 2011

Validity of Timeline Follow-Back for self-reported use of cannabis and other illicit substances--systematic review and meta-analysis Author(s): Hjorthøj CR, Hjorthøj AR, Nordentoft M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 225-233
Keywords: cannabis measurement
Year Published: 2012

Validation of the Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) in adult cannabis users in treatment Author(s): Connor, J.P., Gullo, M.J., Feeney, G.F., & Young, R.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 115
Page numbers: 167-174
Keywords: cannabis scale statistics
Year Published: 2011

Validation of the Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire - Brief - Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse Author(s): Torrealday, O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse
Volume: 17
Page numbers: 1/17/2014
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2008

Using Bayesian Models to Assess the Effects of Under-reporting of Cannabis Use on the Association with Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2005 Author(s): van Gelder MM, Donders AR, Devine O, Roeleveld N and Reefhuis J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
Volume: 28
Page numbers: 424-433
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, research
Year Published: 2014

Validating a Five-Factor Marijuana Motives Measure: Relations With Use, Problems, and Alchol Motives Author(s): Simons, Jeffrey; Correia, Christopher J.; Carey, Kate B.; Borsari, Brian E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Counseling Psychology
Volume: 45
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 265-273
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 1998

Use of Dronabinol for Cannabis Dependence: Two Case Reports and Review Author(s): Levin, F.R.; Kleber, H.D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 161-164
Keywords: cannabis pharmacotherapies detoxification
Year Published: 2008

Using a Cross-Study Design to Assess the Efficacy of Motivational Enhancement Therapy-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 5 (MET/CBT5) in Treating Adolescents with Cannabis-Related Disorders Author(s): Ramchand R, Griffin BA, Suttorp M, Harris KM, Morral A
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journals of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 72
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 380-389
Keywords: cannabis treatment adolescents
Year Published: 2011

Unsafe driving by high school seniors: National trends from 1976 to 2001 in ticket and accidents after use of alcohol, marijuana and other illegal drugs Author(s): O'Malley, Patrick M.; Johnston, Lloyd D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol
Volume: 64
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 305-312
Notes: References, Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Objective: This study reports trends from 1976 to 2001 in the number of tickets or warnings that high school seniors receive, the number of vehicle accidents in which they are drivers and the number of these events that occur after use of alcohol, marijuana or other illegal drugs. Method: The data come from the Monitoring the Future study, in which nationally representative samples of high school seniors have been surveyed annually since 1976. Results: Results demonstrate that the problem of unsafe or inappropriate driving among American youth is of considerable magnitude, although there has been a downward trend when adjusted for number of miles driven. The frequency of tickets received and vehicle accidents that occurred after use of alcohol has diminished markedly compared to the incidence of tickets and accidents after use of marijuana over the interval from 1976 to 2001. Conclusions: Despite the decline in the number of vehicle accidents occurring and tickets received after drinking or using illicit drugs, aggressive policies are still needed to deter youths from engaging in such risky behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0096-882X
Language : English
Year Published: 2003

Use of cannabis among 139 cluster headache sufferers Author(s): Leroux, E., Taifas, I., Valade, D., Donnet, A., Chagnon, M., & Ducros, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Cephalalgia
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 208-213
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

Universal Internet-based prevention for alcohol and cannabis use reduces truancy, psychological distress and moral disengagement: A cluster randomised controlled trial Author(s): Newton, N. C., Andrews, G., Champion, K. E., Teesson, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Preventive Medicine
Volume: 65
Page numbers: 109-115
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Understanding cannabis use in first-episode psychosis: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Author(s): Hames, A., Evangeli, M., Harrop, C., & di Forti, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Early Intervention in Psychiatry
Volume: 6
Page numbers: 38-44
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Types of polydrug use among Spanish adolescents Author(s): Font-Mayolas, S., Gras, M.E., Cebrián, N., Salamó, A., Planes, M., & Sullman, M.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 1605-1609
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Twelve-Month Use of Mental Health Services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Author(s): Wang, P.S.; Lane, M.; Olfson, M.; Pincus, H.A.; Wells, K.B.; Kessler, R.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry
Volume: 62
Page numbers: 629-640
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2005

Two-part random effects growth modeling to identify risks associated with alcohol and cannabis initiation, initial average use and changes in drug consumption in a sample of adult, male twins Author(s): Gillespie NA, Lubke GH, Gardner CO, Neale MC, Kendler KS.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 123
Issue: 3/1/2014
Page numbers: 220-228
Keywords: cannabis genetics epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Trends in Drug Use and Related Harms in Australia, 2001 to 2011 Author(s): Roxburgh, A., Ritter, A., Grech, K., Slade, T., Burns, L.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Triggering Myocardial Infarction by Marijuana Author(s): Mittleman, M.A.; Lewis, R.A.; Maclure, M.; Sherwood, J.B.; Muller, J.E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Circulation
Volume: 103
Page numbers: 2805-2809
Year Published: 2001

Triple comorbid trajectories of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use as predictors of antisocial personality disorder and generalized anxiety disorder among urban adults Author(s): Brook JS, Lee JY, Rubenstone E, Brook DW and Finch SJ.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American journal of public health
Volume: 104
Page numbers: 1413-1420
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders: A Review of the Literature Author(s): Nordstrom, B.R. & Levin, F.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 16
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 331 - 342
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

Treatment of marijuana dependence: a review of the literature - Journal Of Substance Abuse treatment Author(s): McRae, A.L., Budney, A.J., Brady, K.T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 24
Page numbers: 369-376
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2003

Treatment models for targeting tobacco use during treatment for cannabis use disorder: case series Author(s): Lee DC, Budney AJ, Brunette MF, Hughes JR, Etter JF and Stanger C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive behaviors
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 1224-1230
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Treatment motivation in drug users: A theory-based analysis Author(s): Longshore, D.; Teruya, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 81
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 179-188
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2005

Treatment of adolescents with a cannabis use disorder: Main findings of a randomized controlled trial comparing multidimensional family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in The Netherlands Author(s): Hendriks, V., van der Schee, E. & Blanken, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 119
Page numbers: 64-71
Keywords: cannabis treatment adolescent
Year Published: 2011

Treatment barriers identified by substance abusers assessed at a centralized intake unit Author(s): Rapp, R.C.; Xu, J.; Carr, C.A.; Lane, T.; Wang, J.; Carlson, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 30
Page numbers: 227-235
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

Transmembrane domain Nrg1 mutant mice show altered susceptibility to the neurobehavioural actions of repeated THC exposure in adolescence Author(s): Long, L.E., Chesworth, R., Huang, X.F., McGregor, I.S., Arnold, J.C., & Karl, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 16
Page numbers: 163-175
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Treating Adult Marijuana Dependence: A Test of the Relapse Prevention Model Author(s): Stephens, R.S.; Roffman, R.A.; Simpson, E.E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 62
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 92-99
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1994

Trajectories of marijuana use and psychological adjustment among urban African American and Puerto Rican women Author(s): Pahl, K., Brook, J.S. & Koppel, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 41
Page numbers: 1775-1783
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Trajectory of adolescent cannabis use on addiction vulnerability Author(s): Hurd, Y. L., Mcihaelides, M., Miller, M. L., Jutras-Aswad, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropharmacology
Volume: Advance online publication
Year Published: 2013

Tracheobronchial changes in habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana with and without tobacco Author(s): Gong, Jr H.; Fligiel, S.; Tashkin, D.P.; Barbers, R.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Review of Respiratory Disease
Volume: 136
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 142-149
Year Published: 1987

Traffic accidents and drivers suspected for drug influence Author(s): Christensen, L.Q.; Nielsen, L.M.; Nielsen, S.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 45
Page numbers: 273-280
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1990

Towards a comprehensive developmental model of cannabis use disorders Author(s): Blanco, C., Rafful, C., Wall, M.M., Ridenour, T.A., Wang, S., Kendler, K.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 284-294
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Toxic effects of marijuana on the cardiovascular system Author(s): Pratap B, Korniyenko A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Cardiovascular Toxicology
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 143-148
Keywords: cannabis cardiovascular health effects
Year Published: 2012

Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other illegal drug use among young adults: The socioeconomic context Author(s): Redonnet B, Chollet A, Fombonne E, Bowes L, Melchior M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 121
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 231-239
Keywords: cannabis adolescents
Year Published: 2012

Toking and driving: Characteristics of Canadian university students who drive after cannabis use - An exploratory pilot study Author(s): Fischer, Benedikt; Rodopoulos, Jenny; Rehm, Jurgen; Ivsins, Andrew
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 179-187
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Cannabis use is increasingly prevalent among young adults in Canada. Due to cannabis' impairment effects, driving under the influence of cannabis has recently developed into a traffic-safety concern, yet little is known about the specific circumstances and factors characterizing this behavior among young people. In this study, we interviewed a sample of university students (n = 45; age 18-28 years) in Toronto who had driven a car after cannabis use in the past year. The study collected information on respondents' sociodemographic characteristics, cannabis and other drug use, cannabis use and driving (CUD) experiences, law enforcement and accident exposure, perceptions of cannabis and alcohol impairment effects as well as future anticipated substance use and driving behaviors. Results indicated that: CUD originated primarily from social settings; that impairment risks from cannabis were perceived to be low; and that the level of anticipated future CUD was high. Furthermore, high frequency of CUD in the past year was associated with high frequency of cannabis use. Interventions aiming at CUD among young people need to be anchored in the specific sociocultural settings of this behavior; targeted information needs to address cannabis' impairment potential for driving; possibilities for harm-reduction measures for CUD need to be considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0968-7637 1465-3370
Language : English
Year Published: 2006

The ‘grass ceiling’: limitations in the literature hinder our understanding of cannabis use and its consequences Author(s): Temple, E.C., Brown, R.F., Hine, D.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 238-244
Keywords: Cannabis treatment
Abstract: Aim To illustrate how limitations in the cannabis literature undermine our ability to understand cannabis-related harms and problems experienced by users and identify users at increased risk of experiencing adverse outcomes of use. Method and results Limitations have been organized into three overarching themes. The first relates to the classification systems employed by researchers to categorize cannabis users, their cannabis use and the assumptions on which these systems are based. The second theme encompasses methodological and reporting issues, including differences between studies, inadequate statistical control of potential confounders, the under-reporting of effect sizes and the lack of consideration of clinical significance. The final theme covers differing approaches to studying cannabis use, including recruitment methods. Limitations related to the nature of the data collected by researchers are discussed throughout, with a focus on how they affect our understanding of cannabis use and users. Conclusions These limitations must be addressed to facilitate the development of effective and appropriately targeted evidence-based public health campaigns, treatment programmes and preventative, early intervention and harm minimization strategies, and to inform cannabis-related policy and legislation.
Year Published: 0

Time to change - an exploratory study of motivation among untreated and treated substance abusers Author(s): Ekendahl, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Research and Theory
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 247-261
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2007

The validation of a 15 STR multiplex PCR for Cannabis species Author(s): Köhnemann S, Nedele J, Schwotzer D, Morzfeld J, Pfeiffer H
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Legal Medicine
Volume: 126
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 601-606
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

The validity of DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence criteria in adolescents and the value of additional cannabis use indicators Author(s): Piontek, D., Kraus, L., Legleye, S., & Bühringer, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1137-1145
Keywords: cannabis youth scale statistics
Year Published: 2011

The use of cannabis for medical purposes (Report no. 27) Author(s): New South Wales. Parliament. Legislative Council. General Purpose Standing Committee
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

The use of marihuana, ethanol, and other drugs among drivers killed in single-vehicle crashes Author(s): Owens, S. M.; McBay, A. J.; Cook, C. E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic Sciences
Volume: 28
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 372-379
Notes: Owens SM McBay AJ Cook CE United states Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0022-1198
Year Published: 1983

The type 1 cannabinoid receptor is highly expressed in embryonic cortical projection neurons and negatively regulates neurite growth in vitro - European Journal of Neuroscience Author(s): Vitalis, T.; Lainé, J.; Simon, A.; Roland, A.; Leterrier, C.; Lenkei, Z.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Neuroscience
Volume: 28
Page numbers: 1705-1718
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2008

The spice in France: mixed herbs containing synthetic cannabinoids Author(s): Schlatter J, Chiadmi F, Chariot P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annales de Biologie Clinique
Volume: 70
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 413-422
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

The schizophrenia susceptibility gene neuregulin 1 modulates tolerance to the effects of cannabinoids Author(s): Boucher, A.A., Hunt, G.E., Micheau, J., Huang, X., McGregor, I.S., Karl, T., & Arnold, J.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 631-643
Keywords: cannabinoids schizophrenia mental health
Year Published: 2011

The safety of studies with intravenous ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans, with case histories Author(s): Carbuto, M., Sewell, R.A., Williams, A., Forselius-Bielen, K., Braley, G., Elander, J., Pittman, B., Schnakenberg, A., Bhakta, S., Perry, E., Ranganathan, M., D'Souza, D.C. & The Yale THC Study Group
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 219
Page numbers: 885-896
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

The safety of modafinil in combination with oral ?-9 tetrahydro-cannabinol in humans Author(s): Sugarman DE, Poling J, Sofuoglu M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour
Volume: 98
Page numbers: 94-100
Keywords: Cannabis health effects
Year Published: 2011

The reliability and validity of the Severity of Dependence Scale for detecting cannabis dependence in psychosis Author(s): Hides, L.; Dawe, S.; Young, R. McD.; Kavanagh, D.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 102
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 35-40
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2007

The role of sex steroid hormones, cytokines and the endocannabinoid system in female fertility Author(s): Karasu T, Marczylo TH, Maccarrone M, Konje JC
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Reproduction Update
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 347-361
Keywords: cannabis physical health reproductive health
Year Published: 2011

The relevance of age at first alcohol and nicotine use for initiation of cannabis use and progression to cannabis use disorders Author(s): Behrendt S, Beesdo-Baum K, Höfler M, Perkonigg A, Bühringer G, Lieb R, Wittchen HU.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 123
Issue: 3/1/2014
Page numbers: 48-56
Keywords: cannabis gateway epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

The relationship between substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder in a methadone maintenance treatment program Author(s): Villagonzalo, K.A., Dodd, S., Ng, F., Mihaly, S., Langbein, A., & Berk, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume: 52
Page numbers: 562-566
Keywords: cannabis PTSD
Year Published: 2011

The relationship between marijuana initiation and dropping out of high school Author(s): Bray, J.W., Zarkin, G.A., Ringwalt, C., & Qi, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Health Economics
Volume: 9
Page numbers: 9/18/2014
Keywords: cannabis adolescents cognition
Year Published: 2000

The relationship between cannabis use disorders and social anxiety disorder in the National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Author(s): Buckner JD, Heimberg RG, Schneier FR, Liu SM, Wang S, Blanco C
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 124
Issue: 2/1/2014
Page numbers: 128-134
Keywords: cannabis mental health
Year Published: 2012

The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and associated factors in Britain: findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) Author(s): Wellings, K., Jones, K.G., Mercer, C.H., Tanton, C., Clifton, S., Datta, J., Copas, A.J., Erens, B., Gibson, L.J., Macdowall, W., Sonnenberg, P., Phelps, A. & Johnson, A.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Lancey
Volume: 382
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health
Year Published: 2013

The prevalence of marijuana in suspected impaired driving cases in washington state Author(s): Couper FJ and Peterson BL.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of analytical toxicology
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 569-574
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2014

The prevalence of cannabis-involved driving in California Author(s): Johnson MB, Kelley-Baker T, Voas RB, Lacey JH.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 123
Issue: 3/1/2014
Page numbers: 105-109
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2012

The prevalence of cannabis withdrawal and its influence on adolescents' treatment response and outcomes: a 12-month prospective investigation Author(s): Greene MC and Kelly JF.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of addiction medicine
Volume: 8
Page numbers: 359-367
Keywords: cannabis, withdrawal, treatment
Year Published: 2014

The prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines and stimulants amongst injured drivers and their role in driver culpability. Part II: The relationship between drug prevalence and drug concentration, and driver culpability Author(s): Longo, Marie C; Hunter, Christine, E; Lokan, Robert J; White, Jason M; White, Michael A
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 32
Page numbers: 623-632
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2000

The prevalence and incidence of medicinal cannabis on prescription in The Netherlands Author(s): Hazekamp, A. & Heerdink, E.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Volume: 69
Page numbers: 1575-1580
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

The persistence of the association between adolescent cannabis use and common mental disorders into young adulthood Author(s): Degenhardt, L., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Swift, W., Carlin, J. B., Hall, W. D., Patton, G. C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 108
Page numbers: 124-133
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology mental health adolescence
Year Published: 2012

The perceived health risks of cannabis use in an Australian household survey Author(s): Calabria, B., Swift, W., Slade, T., Hall, W., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report: Marijuana Use and Drug Dependence Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
Document type: Web Page
Volume: 8/23/2014
Keywords: cannabis poly drug use dependence
Year Published: 2002

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report: Reasons for Not Receiving Substance Abuse Treatment Author(s): Office of Applied Studies,
Document type: Government Document
Issue: (DHHS Publication No. SMA 03–3
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2003

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report: Depression and the Initiation of Alcohol and Other Drug Use among Youths Aged 12 to 17 Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: cannabis poly drug use dependence
Year Published: 2002

The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse Report: Obtaining Marijuana Easy for Youths Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: cannabis adolescents
Year Published: 2001

The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse Report: Marijuana Use among Youths Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: cannabis adolescents
Year Published: 2002

The Marijuana Withdrawal Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment Author(s): Haney, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current Psychiatry Reports
Volume: 7
Page numbers: 360 - 366
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal craving
Year Published: 2005

The multiplicity of action of cannabinoids: Implications for treating neurodegeneration Author(s): Gowran, A., Noonan, J. & Campbell, V.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics
Volume: 17
Page numbers: 637-644
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

The Marijuana Check-up: reaching users who are ambivalent about change Author(s): Stephens, R. S., Roffman, R. A., Fearer, S. A., Williams, C., Picciano, J. F. & Burke, R. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 99
Issue: 10
Page numbers: 1323
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

The Marijuana Treatment Project: rationale, design and participants Author(s): Stephens, R.S., Babor, T.F., Kadden, R. & the Miller Research Group
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Notes: Just and abstract print out from online OVID search
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2002

The long and winding road to cannabis legalization Author(s): VAN Ours, JC
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 872-873
Year Published: 2012

The Marijuana Check-up: promoting change in ambivalent marijuana users Author(s): Stephens, R.S., Roffman, R.A., Fearer, S.A., Williams, C. & Burke, R.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 102
Page numbers: 947 - 957
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

The involvement of drugs in drivers of motor vehicles killed in Australian road traffic crashes Author(s): Drummer, O. H.; Gerostamoulos, J; Batziris, H; Chu, M; Caplehorn, J. R.; Robertson, M. D.; Swann, P
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 239-248
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2004

The intersection between cannabis and cancer in the United States Author(s): Bowles DW, O'Bryant CL, Camidge DR, Jimeno A
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Volume: 83
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 10/1/2014
Keywords: cannabis cancer
Year Published: 2012

The interplay between interpersonal dynamics, treatment barriers, and larger social forces: an exploratory study of drug-using couples in Hartford, CT Author(s): Simmons, Janie
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 1
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 1/13/2014
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

The interactive effects of emotional clarity and cognitive reappraisal on problematic cannabis use among medical cannabis users Author(s): Boden, M.T., Gross, J.J., Babson, K.A., & Bonn-Miller, M.O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 1663-1668
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

The Influence of Early and Frequent Use of Marijuana on the Risk of Desistance and of Progression to Marijuana-Related Harm Author(s): DeWit, D.J.; Hance, J.; Offord, D.R.; Ogborne, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Preventative Medicine
Volume: 31
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 455-464
Keywords: adolescent development
Year Published: 2000

The influence of inhibitory control and episodic memory on the risky sexual behavior of young adult cannabis users Author(s): Schuster, R.M., Crane, N.A., Mermelstein, R., & Gonzalez, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
Volume: 18
Page numbers: 827-833
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

The influence of drug policy on transportation policy decisions Author(s): Neumeyer, Juergen
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Drug Issues
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 567-572
Notes: 0022-0426
Keywords: cannabis policy issues
Year Published: 2002

The incidence of drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic crashes Author(s): Drummer, O. H.; Gerostamoulos, J; Batziris, H; Chu, M; Caplehorn, J. R.; Robertson, M. D.; Swann, P
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 134
Page numbers: 154-162
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

The impact of state medical marijuana legislation on adolescent marijuana use Author(s): Choo EK, Benz M, Zaller N, Warren O, Rising KL and McConnell KJ.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: he Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
Volume: 55
Page numbers: 160-166
Keywords: cannabis, legalization, policy, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

The impact of regular cannabis and methamphetamine use on psychological distress and self-reported mental health among regular ecstasy users Author(s): Scott, L., Roxburgh, A., Burns, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The Open Addiction Journal
Volume: 4
Page numbers: 52-53
Keywords: cannabis ecstasy mental health
Year Published: 2011

The impact of research on policy in the drugs field Author(s): MacGregor, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Methodological Innovations Online
Volume: 6
Page numbers: 47-57
Keywords: cannabis law legal
Year Published: 2011

The impact of comorbid cannabis use disorders on the clinical presentation of social anxiety disorder Author(s): Tepe, E., Dalrymple, K. & Zimmerman, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: 46
Page numbers: 50-56
Keywords: cannabis mental health
Year Published: 2011

The impact of comorbid cannabis and methamphetamine use on mental health among regular ecstasy users Author(s): Scott, L.A., Roxburgh, A., Bruno, R., Matthews, A., & Burns, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 1058-1062
Keywords: cannabis comorbidity mental health
Year Published: 2012

The impact of comorbid cannabis and methamphetamine use on mental health among regular ecstasy users Author(s): Scott, L. A., Roxburgh, A., Bruno, R., Matthews, A., Burns, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: Advance online publication
Year Published: 2012

The Impact of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Existing Findings and New Data in a First-Episode Sample Author(s): Yücel M, Bora E, Lubman DI, Solowij N, Brewer WJ, Cotton SM, Conus P, Takagi MJ, Fornito A, Wood SJ, McGorry PD, Pantelis C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 316-330
Keywords: cannabis adolescents schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

The Impact of Cannabis Use on Clinical Outcomes in Recent Onset Psychosis Author(s): Barrowclough, C. Gregg, L. Lobban, F. Bucci, S. Emsley, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

The impact of cannabis use on age of onset and clinical characteristics in first-episode psychotic patients. Data from the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS). Author(s): Tosato, S., Lasalvia, A., Bonetto, C., Mazzoncini, R., Cristofalo, D., De Santi, K., Bertani, M., Bissoli, S., Lazzarotto, L., Marrella, G., Lamonaca, D., Riolo, R., Gardellin, F., Urbani, A., Tansella, M., Ruggeri M., & Picos-Veneto Group
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: 47
Page numbers: 438-444
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

The impact of cannabis on your lungs Author(s): British Lung Foundation
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis respiratory health lungs
Year Published: 2012

The Holistic Effects of Cannabis in Crohn's Disease Author(s): Lahiff, C. & Cheifetz, A.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal, health
Year Published: 2013

The hexanoyl-CoA precursor for cannabinoid biosynthesis is formed by an acyl-activating enzyme in Cannabis sativa trichomes Author(s): Stout JM, Boubakir Z, Ambrose SJ, Purves RW, Page JE.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The Plant Journal
Volume: 71
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 353-365
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

The gunja brain story Author(s): Cairney, S., Fitz, J., Thompson, S., Currie, J., Chenoweth, C., Dillon, P.
Document type: Government Document
Year Published: 2012

The global epidemiology and contribution of cannabis use and dependence to the Global Burden of Disease: results from the GBD 2010 study Author(s): Degenhardt, L., Ferrari, A. J., Calabria, B., Hall, W. D., Norman, R. E., McGrath, J., Flaxman, A. D., Engell, R. E., Freedman, G. D., Whiteford, H. A., Vos, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: PLoS ONE
Volume: 8
Page numbers: e76635
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health
Year Published: 2013

The grassy knoll... and an elephant Author(s): Temple, E.C., Brown, R.F., Hine, D.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 251
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2011

The first mHealth app for managing cannabis use: gauging its potential helpfulness Author(s): Norberg, M. M., Rooke, S. E., Albertella, L., Copeland, J., Kavanagh, D. J., Lau, A. Y. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Addictive Behaviors, Therapy and Rehabilitation, S1
Volume: 1
Keywords: cannabis, health, treatment
Year Published: 2013

The glass ceiling on evidence of cannabis related harms – flawed or just false? Author(s): Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Page numbers: 249-250
Keywords: Cannabis harm
Year Published: 2011

The endocannabinoid system and cancer: Therapeutic implication Author(s): Guindon, J. & Hohmann, A.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Volume: 163
Page numbers: 1447-1463
Keywords: cannabis cancer cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

The Elephant in the Room With the 'Grass Ceiling’ [Comment] Author(s): Earleywine, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Page numbers: 245-252
Keywords: Cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2011

The effects of purchasing alcohol and marijuana among adolescents at-risk for future substance use Author(s): Osilla KC, Pedersen ER, Ewing BA, Miles JN, Ramchand R and D'Amico EJ.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
Volume: 9
Page numbers: 38
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, research, dependence
Year Published: 2014

The Efficacy of Contingency Management for Adolescent Cannabis Use Disorder: A Controlled Study Author(s): Kaminer, Y. Burleson, J. A. Burke, R. Litt, M. D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2014

The effects of multitasking on psychological stress reactivity in recreational users of cannabis and MDMA Author(s): Wetherell MA, Atherton K, Grainger J, Brosnan R, Scholey AB.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Psychopharmacology
Volume: 27
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 167-176
Keywords: cannabis anxiety
Year Published: 2012

The effects of cannabis use on neurocognition in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis Author(s): Rabin RA, Zakzanis KK, George TP
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 128
Issue: 41699
Page numbers: 111-116
Keywords: Cannabis Schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

The effects of Cannabis sativa L. seed (hemp seed) on reproductive and neurobehavioral end points in rats Author(s): Yousofi M, Saberivand A, Becker LA, Karimi I
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Developmental Psychobiology
Volume: 53
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 402-412
Keywords: cannabis reproductive health
Year Published: 2011

The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated driving: Influences of dose and experience Author(s): Downey LA, King R, Papafotiou K, Swann P, Ogden E, Boorman M, Stough C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 50
Page numbers: 879-886
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2012

The effects of cannabinoid administration on sleep: a systematic review of human studies Author(s): Gates, P. J., Albertella, L., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2014

The effects of cannabidiol on the antigen-induced contraction of airways smooth muscle in the guinea-pig Author(s): Dudášová, A., Keir, S.D., Parsons, M.E., Molleman, A., & Page, C.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 373-379
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, health
Year Published: 2013

The effects of alcohol, marihuana and their combination on driving ability Author(s): Sutton, Lawrence R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol
Volume: 44
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 438-445
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Examined the effects of varying levels of alcohol or marihuana consumption and their combined effects on driving performance in 9 male graduate students selected on the basis of self-reports of at least weekly use of alcohol and marihuana and of having driven under the influence of both drugs. Ss were matched in terms of driving ability (mean 7 yrs of experience), age (mean 25.1 yrs), weight, and health. Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) and serum tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC) levels were drawn 45 min after alcohol consumption (placebo or sufficient vodka to approximate a .06% BAC) and 15 min after marihuana consumption (placebo or 2% delta-9-THC). In the combined condition, Ss were given the marihuana cigarette 25 min after the alcohol. The driving performance test involved an obstacle course, and trials were conducted over a 4-day period. Results show that the combination of marihuana and alcohol, even at low dosage levels, had a potentially dangerous effect on driving. The impairment created by the combination of the 2 drugs was much greater than that created by either drug alone. The most practical performance measure was a blind evaluation by an off-duty patrol officer: The officer stopped every driver under the combination condition. Marihuana alone did not significantly impair driving performance. Implications for driver education and law enforcement are noted. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0096-882X
Language : English
Year Published: 1983

The effect of marijuana on driving performance Author(s): Benjamin, Fred B.
Document type: Edited Book
Notes: Chapter
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Summarizes available data relating marihuana use to automobile driving. Preliminary evidence indicates impairment of ability to drive, but no strong association of marihuana with accidents. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Language : English
Year Published: 1972

The Effectiveness of a Brief Intervention for Illicit Drugs Linked to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in Primary Health Care Settings: A Technical Report of Phase III Findings of the WHO ASSIST Randomized Controlled Author(s): Humeniuk, R., Dennington, V. & Ali, R.; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2008

The effect of chronic cannabinoids on broadband EEG neural oscillations in humans Author(s): Skosnik, P.D., D'Souza, D.C., Steinmetz, A.B., Edwards, C.R., Vollmer, J.M., Hetrick, W.P., & O'Donnell, B.F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 2184-2193
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

The effect of electrical lighting power and irradiance on indoor-grown cannabis potency and yield Author(s): Potter DJ, Duncombe P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic Sciences
Volume: 57
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 618-622
Year Published: 2012

The dynamics of alcohol and marijuana initiation: Patterns and predictors of first use in adolescence Author(s): Kosterman, R., Hawkins, D., Guo, J., Catalano, R.F., & Abbott, R.D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Volume: 90
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 360-366
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2000

The economic cost of outpatient marijuana treatment for adolescents: findings from a multi-site field experiment Author(s): French, M.T.; Roebuck, M.C.; Dennis, M.L.; Diamond, G.; Godley, S.H.; Tims, F.; Webb, C.; Herrell, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 84-97
Keywords: economic perspectives
Year Published: 2002

The dose effects of short-term dronabinol (oral THC) maintenance in daily cannabis users Author(s): Vandrey, R., Stitzer, M.L., Mintzer, M.Z., Huestis, M.A., Murray, J.A., & Lee, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 128
Page numbers: 64-70
Keywords: cannabis, pharmacology
Year Published: 2013

The detection of THC, CBD and CBN in the oral fluid of Sativex((R)) patients using two on-site screening tests and LC-MS/MS Author(s): Molnar, A., Fu, S., Lewis, J., Allsop, D. J., & Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 238
Page numbers: 113
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2014

The detection of THC, CBD and CBN in the oral fluid of Sativex® patients using two on-site screening tests and LC–MS/MS Author(s): Molnar, A., Fu, S., Lewis, J., Allsop, D. J., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, medical use, medicinal
Year Published: 2014

The combined effects of parental divorce and parental history of depression on cannabis use in young adults in France Author(s): Sakyi, K.S., Melchior, M., Chollet, A., & Surkan, P.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 126
Page numbers: 195-199
Keywords: cannabis depression
Year Published: 2012

The CHRNA5/A3/B4 Gene Cluster and Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis, Inhalants and Other Substance Use Initiation: Replication and New Findings Using Mixture Analyses Author(s): Lubke GH, Stephens SH, Lessem JM, Hewitt JK, Ehringer MA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Behavior Genetics
Volume: 42
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 636-646
Keywords: cannabis genetics epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

The co-occurring use and misuse of cannabis and tobacco: a review Author(s): Agrawal A, Budney AJ, Lynskey MT
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1221-1233
Keywords: cannabis tobacco
Year Published: 2012

The changing demographic of blunt smokers across birth cohorts Author(s): Timberlake, D.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 130
Page numbers: 129-134
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

The Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) Study: Main findings from two randomized trials Author(s): Dennis, M., Godley, S., Diamond, G., Tims, F., Babor, T., Donaldson, J., Liddle, H., Titus, J., Kaminer, Y., Webb, C., Hamilton, N. & Funk, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 27
Page numbers: 197 - 213
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

The Cannabis Withdrawal Scale development: Patterns and predictors of cannabis withdrawal and distress Author(s): Allsop, D.J., Norberg, M.M., Copeland, J., Fu, S., & Budney, A.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 119
Page numbers: 123-129
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal
Year Published: 2011

The association between spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis for personal use and earnings from acquisitive crime among police detainees in New Zealand Author(s): Wilkins, C. & Sweetsur, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 789-797
Keywords: cannabis crime methamphetamine
Year Published: 2011

The Association Between Marijuana Smoking and Lung Cancer Author(s): Mehra, R.; Moore, B.A.; Crothers, K.; Tetrault, J.; Fiellin, D.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of Internal Medicine
Volume: 166
Page numbers: 1359-1367
Year Published: 2006

The Association Between Earlier Marijuana Use and Subsequent Academic Achievement and Health Problems: A Longitudinal Study Author(s): Brook, J.S.; Stimmel, M.A.; Zhang, C.; Brook, D.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 155-160
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2008

The association between distress tolerance and cannabis use-related problems: The mediating and moderating roles of coping motives and gender Author(s): Bujarski, S. J., Norberg, M. M., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 1181-1184
Keywords: cannabis motivations
Year Published: 2012

The association between distress tolerance and cannabis use-related problems: The mediating and moderating roles of coping motives and gender Author(s): Bujarski, S.J., Norberg, M.M. & Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 1181-1184
Keywords: cannabis motivation
Year Published: 2012

The association between delusional-like experiences, and tobacco, alcohol or cannabis use: a nationwide population-based survey Author(s): Saha, S., Scott, J. G., Varghese, D., Degenhardt, L., Slade, T., McGrath, J. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: BMC Psychiatry
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology cognition
Year Published: 2012

The association between cannabis abuse and subsequent schizophrenia: a Swedish national co-relative control study Author(s): Giordano, G. N. Ohlsson, H. Sundquist, K. Sundquist, J. Kendler, K. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Page numbers: 41852
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

The anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol on chronically stressed mice depends on hippocampal neurogenesis: involvement of the endocannabinoid system Author(s): Campos AC, Ortega Z, Palazuelos J, Fogaça MV, Aguiar DC, Díaz-Alonso J, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, Vázquez-Villa H, Moreira FA, Guzmán M, Galve-Roperh I, Guimarães FS.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 16
Page numbers: 1407-1419
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

The adverse health effects of chronic cannabis use Author(s): Hall, W., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug Testing and Analysis
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis, physical, mental, health
Year Published: 2013

The accuracy of self-reported data concerning recent cannabis use in the French armed forces Author(s): Mayet, A., Esvan, M., Marimoutou, C., Haus-Cheymol, R., Verret, C., Ollivier, L., Meynard, J.B., Michel, R., Boutin, J.P., Deparis, X., & Migliani, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Public Health
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 328-332
Keywords: cannabis, measurement
Year Published: 2013

THC and CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex(®)) in the management of spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis Author(s): Sastre-Garriga J, Vila C, Clissold S, Montalban X
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 627-637
Keywords: cannabis physical health medicinal use
Year Published: 2011

Testing reckless drivers for substance abuse [comment] Author(s): Rainey, P. M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
Volume: 332
Issue: 13
Page numbers: 892-893
Notes: Rainey PM Comment on: N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 25;331(8):518-22; PMID: 8041419 United states Comment Letter
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0028-4793
Year Published: 1995

Testing reckless drivers for cocaine and marijuana Author(s): Brookoff, D.; Cook, C.S.; Williams, C.; Mann, C.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
Volume: 331
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 518-522
Notes: 0028-4793 VF 1995-168
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1994

Test Two Author(s): Test Two
Document type: Journal Article
Year Published: 2011

Tensor-based morphometry of cannabis use on brain structure in individuals at elevated genetic risk of schizophrenia Author(s): Welch, K.A., Moorhead, T.W., McIntosh, A.M., Owens, D.G., Johnstone, E.C., Lawrie, S.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 2087-2096
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

Tailoring cannabis dependent treatment for a diverse population Author(s): Steinberg, K.L.; Roffman, R.A.; Carroll, K.M.; Kabela, E.; Kadden, R.; Miller, M.; Duresky, D.; The Marijuana Treatment Project Research Group
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 135-142
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2002

Taming THC: Potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects Author(s): Russo, E.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
Volume: 163
Page numbers: 1344-1364
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Systematic review identifies number of strategies important for retaining study participants Author(s): Robinson, Karen A.; Dennison, Cheryl R.; Wayman, Dawn M.; Pronovost, Peter J.; Needham, Dale M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Volume: 60
Page numbers: 757-765
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2006

Synthetic cannabis: A comparison of patterns of use and effect profile with natural cannabis in a large global sample Author(s): Winstock AR, Barratt MJ.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 131
Page numbers: 106-111
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, synthetic
Year Published: 2013

Synthetic cannabis: prevalence of use among offenders, perception of risk and negative side effects experienced Author(s): Macgregor, S. Payne, J.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, synthetic
Year Published: 2013

Synthetic cannabis and acute ischemic stroke Author(s): Bernson-Leung, M. E., Leung, L. Y., & Kumar, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Stroke Cerebrovascular Diseases
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 1239-1241
Keywords: cannabis, health, cognition
Year Published: 2014

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: An explorative study Author(s): Every-Palmer, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 117
Page numbers: 242-247
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Sy14-4medical marijuana in new york state: theater of the absurd Author(s): Wetterau N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Alcohol and alcoholism
Volume: 49
Issue: s1
Page numbers: i14
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal, policy
Year Published: 2014

Sy14-1global epidemiology of cannabis use and implications for public health Author(s): Poznyak V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Alcohol and alcoholism
Volume: 49
Issue: s1
Page numbers: i14
Keywords: cannabis, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Sy14-2management of medical consequences of cannabis: research at national institute on drug abuse Author(s): Khalsa JH.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Alcohol and alcoholism
Volume: 49
Issue: S1
Page numbers: i14
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Sudden unexpected death under acute influence of cannabis Author(s): Hartung, B., Kauferstein, S., Ritz-Timme, S., & Daldrup, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 237
Page numbers: e11-13
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2014

Supply and demand for endocannabinoids Author(s): Alger, B.E. & Kim, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences
Volume: 34
Page numbers: 304-315
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Substance Use Treatment Need among Adolescents: 2003-2004 Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The NSDUH Report
Volume: 24
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

Substance abuse and psychosis Author(s): Goerke, D., Kumra, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Volume: 22
Page numbers: 643-654
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Substance abuse treatment and care for women: Case studies and lessons learned Author(s): The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,
Document type: Web Page
Journal: Drug Abuse Treatment Toolkit
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

Substance use among road traffic casualties admitted to emergency departments Author(s): Santamarina-Rubio, E.; Perez, K.; Ricart, I.; Rodriguez-Sanz, M.; Rodriguez-Martos, A.; Brugal, M.T.; Borrell, C.; Ariza, C.; Beneyto, V.M.; Nebot, M.; Ramos, P.; Suelves, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Injury Prevention
Volume: 15
Page numbers: 87-94
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2009

Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter in cannabis and tobacco addiction: A high-resolution PET study Author(s): Leroy, C., Karila, L., Martinot, J.L., Lukasiewicz, M., Duchesnay, E., Comtat, C., Dollé, F., Benyamina, A., Artiges, E., Ribeiro, M.J., Reynaud, M., & Trichard, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Biology
Volume: 17
Page numbers: 981-990
Keywords: cannabis neurobiology
Year Published: 2012

Striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability is inversely correlated with cannabis consumption in chronic marijuana users Author(s): Albrecht, D.S., Skosnik, P.D., Vollmer, J.M., Brumbaugh, M.S., Perry, K.M., Mock, B.H., Zheng, Q.H., Federici, L.A., Patton, E.A., Herring, C.M., & Yoder, K.K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 128
Page numbers: 52-57
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Strategies for Quitting among Non-treatment-seeking Marijuana Smokers Author(s): Boyd, S.J.; Tashkin, D.P.; Huestis, M.A.; Heishman, S.J.; Dermand, J.C.; Simmons, M.S.; Gorelick, D.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 35-42
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2005

Strengths-Based Case Management: A Role in Adressing Denial in Substance Abuse Treatment Author(s): Rapp, R.C.; Kelliher, C.W.; Fisher, J.H.; Hall, F.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Case Management
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 139-144
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 1994

State of the art treatments for cannabis dependence Author(s): Danovitch I, Gorelick DA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 309-326
Keywords: Cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2012

Startle reactivity and prepulse inhibition in prodromal and early psychosis: Effects of age, antipsychotics, tobacco and cannabis in a vulnerable population Author(s): Cadenhead, K.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatry Research
Volume: 188
Page numbers: 208-216
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

State of knowledge of drug-impaired driving. Author(s): Jones, R. K.; Shinar, David; Walsh, J.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

Socio-demographic factors associated with methamphetamine treatment contact among dependent methamphetamine users in Sydney, Australia Author(s): McKetin, R. & Kelly, E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 161 - 168
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

Some Go Without a Cigarette: Characteristics of Cannabis Users Who Have Never Smoked Tobacco Author(s): Suris, J.C.; Akre, C.; Berchtold, A.; Jeannin, A.; Michaud, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Volume: 161
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1042-1047
Keywords: cannabis tobacco gateway arguments
Year Published: 2007

Spicing up the military: Use and effects of synthetic cannabis in substance abusing army personnel Author(s): Walker, D. Neighbors, C. Walton, T. Pierce, A. Mbilinyi, L. Kaysen, D. Roffman, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 39
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1139-1144
Keywords: cannabis, synthetic
Year Published: 2014

Social anxiety and coping motives for cannabis use: The impact of experiential avoidance Author(s): Buckner, J. D., Zvolensky, M. J., Farris, S. G., & Hogan, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 28
Page numbers: 568-574
Keywords: cannabis, motives, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Social gradient in initiation and transition to daily use of tobacco and cannabis during adolescence: A retrospective cohort study Author(s): Legleye, S., Janssen, E., Beck, F., Chau, N., & Khlat, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1520-1531
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Social Anxiety and Coping Motives for Cannabis Use: The Impact of Experiential Avoidance Author(s): Buckner, J.D., Zvolensky, M.J., Farris, S.G. & Hogan, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Social anxiety and cannabis use: an analysis from ecological momentary assessment Author(s): Buckner JD, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Schmidt NB
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 297-304
Keywords: cannabis measurement anxiety
Year Published: 2012

Smoking mull: a grounded theory model on the dynamics of combined tobacco and cannabis use among adult men Author(s): Banbury, A., Zask , A., Carter, S. M., van Beurden, E., Tokley, R., Passey, M., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Health Promotion Journal of Australia
Volume: 24
Page numbers: 143-150
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Smoking, substance use, and mental health correlates in urban adolescent girls Author(s): Groth, S.W. & Morrison-Beedy, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Community Health
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 552-558
Keywords: cannabis adolescents cognition
Year Published: 2011

Sleep disturbance and the effects of extended-release zolpidem during cannabis withdrawal Author(s): Vandrey, R., Smith, M.T., McCann, U.D., Budney, A.J., & Curran, E.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 117
Page numbers: 38-44
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids withdrawal
Year Published: 2011

Simultaneous quantification of free and glucuronidated cannabinoids in human urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Author(s): Scheidweiler, K.B., Desrosiers, N.A. & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
Volume: 413
Page numbers: 1839-1847
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids urinalysis
Year Published: 2012

Simultaneous quantification of ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol in oral fluid by microflow-liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry Author(s): Concheiro, M., Lee, D., Lendoiro, E. & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Chromatography
Volume: 1297
Page numbers: 123-130
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Simulated car driving influenced by cannabis and alcohol Author(s): Rafaelsen, O. J.; Bech, P.; Rafaelsen, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmakopsychiatrie Neuro-Psychopharmakologie
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 71-83
Notes: Rafaelsen OJ Bech P Rafaelsen L Germany, west Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0031-7098
Year Published: 1973

Simultaneous analysis of ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol in hair without different sample preparation and derivatization by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Author(s): Han, E., Park, Y., Kim, E., In, S., Yang, W., Lee, S., Choi, H., Lee, S., Chung, H., & Song, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
Volume: 55
Page numbers: 1096-1103
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Short scales to assess cannabis-related problems: a review of psychometric properties Author(s): Piontek, D.; Kraus, L.; Klempova, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Volume: 3
Issue: 25
Page numbers: 47119
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2008

Should doctors prescribe cannabinoids? Author(s): Farrell, M., Buchbinder, R., Hall, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Medical Journal
Volume: 348
Page numbers: g2737
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, medical use, medicinal
Year Published: 2014

Severity of dependence and motivation for treatment: comparison of marijuana- and cocaine-dependent treatment seekers Author(s): Levin, F.R.; Brooks, D.J.; Bisaga, A.; Raby, W.; Rubin, E.; Aharonovich, E.; Nunes, E.V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Addictive Diseases
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 33-41
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

Sex, drugs, and driving: The effects of marijuana Author(s): Turner, Beth Marie Anderson
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Dissertation Abstracts International
Volume: 68
Issue: 3-B
Page numbers: 1957
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: In the United States, one in six teenagers has driven under the influence of marijuana. Despite the fact that marijuana use is less common than alcohol use, driving under their influence is equally prevalent. Previous research has shown that the effects of marijuana on driving performance are more subtle than those of alcohol. Despite the knowledge that many drugs affect men and women differently, fewer than 25% of studies exploring the effects of marijuana use on driving performance have included women. Findings from both animal and human studies suggest marijuana may have more deleterious effects on women than men. This study examined gender differences in the acute effects of marijuana on cognition and driving performance. While no gender differences were found, marijuana did impair tasks of selective and divided attention, time estimation, and executive function. Participants under the influence of marijuana performed comparably to those who received a placebo cigarette on the driving assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Serum vitamin E, C and A status of the drug addicts undergoing detoxification: influence of drug habit, sexual practice and lifestyle factors Author(s): Nazrul Islam, S.K.; Hossain, J.; Ahsa, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume: 55
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1022-1027
Keywords: cannabis pharmacotherapies detoxification
Year Published: 2001

Severe toxicity following synthetic cannabinoid ingestion Author(s): Lapoint, J., James, L.P., Moran, C.L., Nelson, L.S., Hoffman, R.S., & Moran, J.H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia)
Volume: 49
Page numbers: 760-764
Keywords: Cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Serum and gene expression profile of cytokines in first-episode psychosis Author(s): Di Nicola, M., Cattaneo, A., Hepgul, N., Di Forti, M., Aitchison, K.J., Janiri, L., Murray, R.M., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C.M., & Mondelli, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Brain Behavior and Immunity
Volume: 31
Page numbers: 90-95
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Serum antioxidant micromineral (Cu, Zn, Fe) status of drug dependent subjects: Influence of illicit drugs and lifestyle Author(s): Hossain, K.J.; Kamal, M.; Ahsan, M.; Nazrul Islam, S.K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Volume: 2
Issue: 12
Keywords: neurobiology cannabis
Year Published: 2007

Separate and combined effects of the cannabinoid agonists nabilone and ?(9)-THC in humans discriminating ?(9)-THC Author(s): Lile, J.A., Kelly, T.H. & Hays, L.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 116
Page numbers: 86-92
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Separate and combined effects of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen and ?(9)-THC in humans discriminating ?(9)-THC Author(s): Lile, J.A., Kelly, T.H. & Hays, L.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 126
Page numbers: 216-223
Keywords: cannabis genetics neurobiology
Year Published: 2012

Separate and combined effects of marijuana and alcohol on mood, equilibrium and simulated driving Author(s): Liguori, Anthony; Gatto, Catherine P.; Jarrett, David B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 163
Issue: 41732
Page numbers: 399-405
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: This study was designed to compare directly the separate and combined effects of marijuana and alcohol on simulated emergency braking and dynamic posturography. Twelve healthy subjects who regularly used both marijuana and alcohol completed nine test sessions in a counterbalanced within-subject design. Subjects drank a beverage then smoked a cigarette. Testing began 2 min after smoking and was conducted within the ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve. The 0.5 g/kg alcohol dose significantly increased brake latency without affecting body sway. In contrast, the 3.3% THC dose increased body sway but did not affect brake latency. There were no additive drug effects on mood or behavior. Although field sobriety tests are often used to determine driving impairment, these results suggest that impaired balance following marijuana use may not coincide with slowed reaction time. Conversely, braking impairment from low doses of alcohol may not be revealed by tests of balance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0033-3158 1432-2072
Language : English
Year Published: 2002

Self-reported cannabis use is inconsistent with the results from drug-screening in youth at ultra high-risk for psychosis in Colorado Author(s): Carol EE and Mittal VA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia research
Volume: 157
Page numbers: 317-318
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, measurement
Year Published: 2014

Self-reported driving behaviour and attitudes towards driving under the influence of cannabis among three different user groups in England Author(s): Terry, P.; Wright, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 619-626
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The study characterized self-reported driving behaviour, attitudes towards driving and assumptions about the effects of cannabis on driving, among two different volunteer groups: 63 regular cannabis users (RCUs; cannabis use>monthly) and 46 undergraduate student users, all from the West Midlands. More detailed information was provided by structured interviews with an additional sample of 23 regular users from southern England. Within each group, many respondents had driven whilst under the influence of cannabis (regular users, 82%; students, 40%; interviewees, 100%). Majorities among the regular users and interviewees continued to do so at least monthly. Most users believed that cannabis impaired driving only slightly. More stops by the police for drug-driving than for drink-driving were reported, but these rarely resulted in conviction and were not deterrent. Hence, cannabis users are very willing to drive after using the drug (often combined with alcohol), and even while intoxicated. They consider its effects on driving to be minimal; indeed, many consider it to promote better driving. Attitudes towards drink-driving were much more negative. Finally, most interviewees said that roadside drug testing would be the only efficacious deterrent to drug-driving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0306-4603
Language : English
Year Published: 2005

Self-change: A pathway to cannabis abuse resolution Author(s): Ellingstad, Timothy P.; Sobell, Linda Carter; Sobell, Mark B.; Eickleberry, Lori; Golden, Charles J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 31
Page numbers: 519-530
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

Self-reported alcohol and drug use in pregnant young women: A pilot study of associated factors and identification Author(s): Chang, G., Orav, E.J., Jones, J.A., Buynitsky, T., Gonzalez, S., & Wilkins-Haug, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Addiction Medicine
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 221-226
Keywords: cannabis pregnancy
Year Published: 2011

Screening and managing cannabis use: comparing GP's and nurses' knowledge, beliefs, and behavior Author(s): Norberg, M. M., Gates, P., Dillon, P., Kavanagh, D. J., Manocha, R., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Volume: 7
Issue: 44197
Keywords: cannabis, general practitioner, nurse, screening, intervention
Year Published: 2012

Screening for drugs in oral fluid: Illicit drug use and drug driving in a sample of Queensland motorists Author(s): Davey, J.; Leal, N.; Freeman, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 301-307
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Police Services in a number of Australian states have indicated random roadside drug testing will be implemented to target drug driving. This paper outlines research conducted to provide an estimate of the prevalence of drug driving in a sample of Queensland drivers. Oral fluid samples were collected from 781 drivers who volunteered to participate at Random Breath Testing (RBT) sites in a large Queensland regional area. Illicit substances tested for included cannabis (delta 9 tetrahydrocannibinol [THC]), amphetamine type substances, heroin and cocaine. Drivers also completed a self-report questionnaire regarding their drug-related driving behaviour. Samples that were drug-positive at initial screening were sent to a government laboratory for confirmation. Oral fluid samples from 27 participants (3.5%) were confirmed positive for at least one illicit substance. The most common drugs detected in oral fluid were cannabis (delta 9 THC) (n = 13) followed by amphetamine type substances (n = 11). A key finding was that cannabis was also confirmed as the most common self-reported drug combined with driving and that individuals who tested positive to any drug through oral fluid analysis were also more likely to report the highest frequency of drug driving. Furthermore, a comparison between drug vs drink driving detection rates for the study period revealed a higher detection rate for drug driving (3.5%) vs drink driving (0.8%). This research provides evidence that drug driving is relatively prevalent on Queensland Roads. The paper will further outline the study findings and present possible directions for future drug driving research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0959-5236 1465-3362
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Screening for substance use disorders in first-episode psychosis: Implications for readmission Author(s): Batalla, A., Garcia-Rizo, C., Castellví, P., Fernandez-Egea, E., Yücel, M., Parellada, E., Kirkpatrick, B., Martin-Santos, R., & Bernardo, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 146
Page numbers: 125-131
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, treatment
Year Published: 2013

Royal College of Pathologists' autopsy guidelines on sudden cardiac death: Roles for cannabis, cotinine, NSAIDs and psychology Author(s): Tormey, W.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Pathology
Volume: 65
Page numbers: 187-188
Keywords: cannabis health
Year Published: 2012

Role of nutrition in the drug-metabolizing enzyme system Author(s): Campbell, T.C.; Hayes, J.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 171-197
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1974

Role of the endocannabinoid system in brain functions relevant for schizophrenia: an overview of human challenge studies with cannabis or 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Author(s): Bossong, M. G. Jansma, J. M. Bhattacharyya, S. Ramsey, N. F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
Volume: 52
Page numbers: 53-69
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Role of cannabis in motor vehicle crashes Author(s): Bates, Michael N.; Blakely, Tony A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Epidemiological Reviews
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 222-232
Notes: VF 2000-279
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1999

Role of drugs and alcohol in impaired drivers and fatally injured drivers in the Strathclyde police region of Scotland, 1995-1998 Author(s): Seymour, A; Oliver, J. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 103
Page numbers: 89-100
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1999

Role of cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis Author(s): Zajicek JP, Apostu VI
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: CNS Drugs
Volume: 25
Keywords: Cannabis cannabinoids MS
Language : 187-201
Year Published: 2011

Role of Cannabis and Benzodiazepines in Motor Vehicle Crashes Author(s): Beirness, D.J.; Simpson, H.M.; Williams, A. F.
Document type: Conference Proceedings
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2005

Roadside drug testing: unanswered questions and future challenges Author(s): Lenne, Michael G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 26
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 107-108
Notes: Lenne MG England Editorial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0959-5236
Year Published: 2007

Roadside sobriety tests and attitudes toward a regulated cannabis market Author(s): Looby, Alison; Earleywine, Mitch; Gieringer, Dale
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Harm Reduction Journal
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 0.75
Notes: 1477-7517
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2007

Risk Perception and Cannabis Use in a Sample of Young Adults Author(s): O'Callaghan, F.; Reid, A.; Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Use
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 129-136
Keywords: cannabis adolescents
Year Published: 2006

Road rage among drug dependent patients Author(s): Benavidez DC, Flores AM, Fierro I, Alvarez FJ.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 50
Page numbers: 848-853
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2012

Risk of Marijuana Use in Male and Female College Student Athletes and Nonathletes Author(s): Buckman, J., Yusko, D.A., Farris, S.G., White, H.R., & Pandina, R.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 72
Page numbers: 586-591
Keywords: cannabis youth sport athletes
Year Published: 2011

Review of the Validity and Significance of Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome Author(s): Budney, A.J., Hughes, J.R., Moore, B.A. & Vandrey, R
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 161
Page numbers: 1967 - 1977
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal craving
Year Published: 2004

Risk factors at the low end of the psychosis continuum: Much the same as at the upper end? Author(s): Rössler, W., Vetter, S., Müller, M., Gallo, W.T., Haker, H., Kawohl, W., Lupi, G., & Ajdacic-Gross, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatry Research
Volume: 189
Page numbers: 77-81
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Risk Factors for Adolescent Marijuana Use Across Cultures and Across Time Author(s): Brook, J.S.; Brook, D.W.; Arencibia-mireles, O.; Richter, L.; Whiteman, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The Journal of Genetic Psychology
Volume: 162
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 357-374
Keywords: adolescent substance use
Year Published: 2001

Results of the Queensland 2007-2012 roadside drug testing program: The prevalence of three illicit drugs Author(s): Davey, J., Armstrong, K., & Martin, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident; Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 65
Page numbers: 43040
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2014

Retention and patient engagement models for different treatment modalities in DATOS Author(s): Joe, G.W.; Simpson, D.D.; Broome, K.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 57
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 113-125
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 1999

Reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB(1) receptors in chronic daily cannabis smokers Author(s): Hirvonen J, Goodwin RS, Li CT, Terry GE, Zoghbi SS, Morse C, Pike VW, Volkow ND, Huestis MA, Innis RB.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Molecular Psychiatry
Volume: 17
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 642-649
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids cognition
Year Published: 2012

Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Document type: Electronic Book
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2007

Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Respiratory harms of smoked cannabis Author(s): Gowing, L.R.; Ali, R.L.; White, J.M.
Document type: Government Document
Year Published: 2000

Respiratory health effects of cannabis: Position Statement of The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Author(s): Taylor, D.R.; Hall, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Medicine Journal
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 310-313
Year Published: 2003

Response inhibition and elevated parietal-cerebellar correlations in chronic adolescent cannabis users Author(s): Behan B, Connolly CG, Datwani S, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropharmacology
Volume: 84
Page numbers: 131-137
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Reported value of cannabis seizures in Australian newspapers: Are they accurate? Author(s): Matthew-Simmons, F., Shanahan, M., & Ritter, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 21-25
Keywords: Cannabis Media
Abstract: Introduction and Aims. The news media is often touted as an important, yet inaccurate source of information about drug issues for the general public. This paper investigates the accuracy of reporting in the Australian media regarding the value of cannabis seizures made by the police. Design and Methods. A sample of Australian newspaper articles,which featured both a direct estimate of the value of a cannabis seizure and the number of plants seized, were examined.The reported values from these articles were then compared with a range of estimates made using data on cannabis plant yield and price, taken from research literature. Results. Fifteen articles were examined, referring to fourteen different seizures. The reported value of cannabis seizures in this sample of articles was highly inflated when compared with the authors’ estimated value.The reported newspaper values of seizures were between 1.8 and 11.9 times higher than our middle estimate. Discussion and Conclusions. The most likely reason for the wide difference between the reported and estimated value of these seizures is the possible variability in cannabis plant yield.Whatever the reason for the discrepancy between the reported values and our estimates, greater transparency surrounding the valuations of cannabis seizures would help to better determine the true impacts of law enforcement interventions on this illicit drug supply chain
Year Published: 2011

Research note: adolescents' perception of psychosis risk following cannabis consumption Author(s): Mihalca AM, Gherasim LR, Chendran LA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Use and Misuse
Volume: 47
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 396-402
Keywords: cannabis adolescents psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Replication in two independent population-based samples that childhood maltreatment and cannabis use synergistically impact on psychosis risk Author(s): Konings, M., Stefanis, N., Kuepper, R., de Graaf, R., Have, M.T., van Os, J., Bakoula, C., & Henquet, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 42
Page numbers: 149-159
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Report of an integrated brief intervention with self-defined problem cannabis users Author(s): Lang, E., Engelander, M. & Brooke, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 111-116
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2000

Remissions from drug dependence: is treatment a prerequisite? Author(s): Cunningham, J.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 59
Page numbers: 211-213
Keywords: cannabis poly drug use dependence
Year Published: 2000

Remission from illicit drug use over a 25-year period: patterns of remission and treatment use Author(s): Price, R.K.; Risk, N.K.; Spitznagel, E.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Public Health
Volume: 91
Page numbers: 1107-1113
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2001

Reliability and validity of the Kessler 10 and Patient Health Questionnaire among injecting drug users Author(s): Hides, L., Lubman, D.I., Devlin, H., Cotton, S., Aitken, C., Gibbie, T. & Hellard, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 41
Page numbers: 166-168
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2007

Relationships among parental monitoring and sensation seeking on the development of substance use disorder among college students Author(s): Kaynak O, Meyers K, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Winters KC, Arria AM
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 1457-1463
Keywords: cannabis parenting
Year Published: 2012

Relationships between frequency of driving under the influence of cannabis, self-reported reckless driving and risk-taking behavior observed in a driving simulator Author(s): Bergeron, J., & Paquette, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Safety Research
Volume: 49
Page numbers: 19
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2014

Relationship of Smoking Status, Energy Balance, and Body Weight: Analysis of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Author(s): Klesges, R.C., Meyers, A.W. & Klesges, L.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 59
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 899-905
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 1991

Relations between cannabis use and dependence, motives for cannabis use and anxious, depressive and borderline symptomatology Author(s): Chabrol, H.; Duconge, E.; Casas, C.; Roura, C.; Carey, K.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 30
Page numbers: 829-840
Keywords: cannabis other mental health issues
Year Published: 2005

Relapse in outpatient treatment for marijuana dependence Author(s): Moore, B.A. & Budney, A.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 25
Page numbers: 85 - 89
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2003

Reinforcing and neurochemical effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists, but not cocaine, are altered by an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist Author(s): Justinová, Z., Ferré, S., Redhi, G.H., Mascia, P., Stroik, J., Quarta, D., Yasar, S., Müller, C.E., Franco, R., & Goldberg, S.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Biology
Volume: 16
Page numbers: 405-415
Keywords: cannabis and cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids Author(s): Parker, L.A., Rock, E.M. & Limebeer, C.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
Volume: 163
Page numbers: 1411-1422
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids hyperemesis
Year Published: 2011

Reducing cannabis-impaired driving: Is there sufficient evidence for drug testing of drivers? Author(s): Hall, Wayne; Homel, Ross
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 102
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 1918-1919
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that cannabis users who drive while intoxicated put themselves and others at increased risk of motor vehicle crashes. Cannabis produces dose-related cognitive and behavioral impairments in laboratory and simulator studies; cannabis users in surveys are more likely to report being involved in accidents than drivers who do not use the drug, and cannabis is the illicit drug detected most often in drivers who have been killed in motor vehicle crashes. Older studies that measured inactive metabolites of cannabis did not show whether drivers were impaired at the time of the accident. More recent studies have provided better evidence that cannabis-affected drivers are at a higher risk of being involved in crashes. Cannabis use appears to increase the risk of motor vehicle crashes by two to three times, a much lower risk than alcohol (from six to 15 times). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Reflection impulsivity and response inhibition in first-episode psychosis: relationship to cannabis use Author(s): Huddy, V.C., Clark, L., Harrison, I., Ron, M.A., Moutoussis, M., Barnes, T.R., Joyce, E.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 2097-2107
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Recreational drug use and binge drinking: Stimulant but not cannabis intoxication is associated with excessive alcohol consumption Author(s): McKetin, R. Chalmers, J. Sunderland, M. Bright, D. A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 33
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 436-445
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, research
Year Published: 2014

Recovery of spiked ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid from polypropylene containers Author(s): Molnar, A., Lewis, J. & Fu, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 227
Page numbers: 69-73
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoid, measurement
Year Published: 2013

Receptors: Cannabis medicine without a high Author(s): Christie MJ, Vaughan CW
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Nature Chemical Biology
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 249-250
Keywords: cannabis medicinal use
Year Published: 2011

Reasons for Not Receiving Treatment among Adults with Serious Mental Illness Author(s): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The National Survey on Drug Use and Health Report
Volume: 37895
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2003

Reasons for cannabis use among youths at ultra high risk for psychosis Author(s): Gill, K.E., Poe, L., Azimov, N., Ben-David, S., Vadhan, N.P., Girgis, R., Moore, H., Cressman, V. & Corcoran, C.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Early Intervention in Psychiatry
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Rearrest rates among Norwegian drugged drivers compared with drunken drivers Author(s): Christophersen, A. S.; Skurtveit, S; Grung, M; Morland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 66
Page numbers: 85-92
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2002

Reaching out towards cannabis: Approach-bias in heavy cannabis users predicts changes in cannabis use Author(s): Cousijn, J., Goudriaan, A.E. & Wiers, R.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1667-1674
Keywords: Cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Rapid isolation procedure for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA) from cannabis sativa using two flash chromatography systems Author(s): Wohlfarth, A., Mahler, H. & Auwärter, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Chromatography
Volume: 879
Page numbers: 3059-3064
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Randomized controlled trial of a novel cannabis use intervention delivered by telephone Author(s): Gates PJ, Norberg MM, Copeland J, Digiusto E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 2149-2158
Keywords: cannabis telephone intervention
Year Published: 2012

Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing compared with drug information and advice for early intervention among young cannabis users Author(s): McCambridge, J., Slym, R.L. & Strang, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 103
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1809-1818
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2008

Random breath testing in NSW and its implications for drug driving legislation Author(s): Prescott, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 243-250
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1988

Quitting Among Non-Treatment-Seeking Marijuana Users: Reasons and Changes in Other Substance Use Author(s): Copersino, M.L.; Boyd, S.J.; Tashkin, D.P.; Huestis, M.A.; Heishman, S.J.; Dermand, S.J.; Simmons, M.S.; Gorelick, D.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Addictions
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 297-302
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

Quantifying the clinical significance of cannabis withdrawal Author(s): Allsop, D. J., Copeland, J., Norberg, M. M., Fu, S., Molnar, A., Lewis, J., Budney, A. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: PLoS ONE
Volume: 7
Issue: e44864
Year Published: 2012

Questionable Conclusions on Cannabis and Crime Author(s): Bretteville-Jensen, A.L., Rossw, I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 449-450
Year Published: 0

Quantifying cannabis use with the Timeline Followback approach: A psychometric evaluation Author(s): Norberg, M. M., Mackenzie, J., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis measurement
Year Published: 2011

Quantifying cannabis use with the Timeline Followback approach: A psychometric evaluation Author(s): Norberg MM, Mackenzie J, Copeland J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 121
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 247-252
Keywords: cannabis measurement
Year Published: 2012

Quality of web-based information on cannabis addiction Author(s): Khazaal, Y., Chatton, A., Cochand, S., Zillino, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Drug Education
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 97-107
Year Published: 2008

Quantification of the influence of friends and antisocial behaviour in adolescent consumption of cannabis using the ZINB model and data mining Author(s): Gervilla, E., Cajal, B. & Palmer, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 368-374
Keywords: Cannabis youth onset
Year Published: 2011

Psychosis risk syndrome comorbid with panic attack disorder in a cannabis-abusing patient affected by Arnold-Chiari malformation type I Author(s): Del Casale, A., Serata, D., Rapinesi, C., Simonetti, A., Tamorri, S.M., Comparelli, A., De Carolis, A., Savoja, V., Kotzalidis, G.D., Sani, G., Tatarelli, R., & Girardi, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: General Hospital Psychiatry
Volume: 34
Page numbers: e5-7
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Psychotropic and nonpsychotropic cannabis derivatives inhibit human 5-HT(3A) receptors through a receptor desensitization-dependent mechanism Author(s): Xiong, W., Koo, B.N., Morton, R., & Zhang, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroscience
Volume: 184
Page numbers: 28-37
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2011

Psychomotor performance, subjective and physiological effects and whole blood {delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in heavy, chronic cannabis smokers following acute smoked cannabis Author(s): Schwope DM, Bosker WM, Ramaekers JG, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 405-412
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids cognition
Year Published: 2012

Psychopathology among cannabis-dependent treatment seekers and association with later substance abuse treatment Author(s): Arendt, M.; Rosenberg, R.; Foldager, L.; Perto, G.; Munk-Jorgesen, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 32
Page numbers: 113-119
Keywords: cannabis poly drug use dependence
Year Published: 2007

Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents Author(s): Movig, K.; Mathijssen, M.; Nagel, P.; van Egmond, T.; de Gier, J.; Leufkens, H.; Egberts, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 631-636
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The driving performance is easily impaired as a consequence of the use of alcohol and/or licit and illicit drugs. However, the role of drugs other than alcohol in motor vehicle accidents has not been well established. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between psychoactive drug use and motor vehicle accidents requiring hospitalisation. A prospective observational case-control study was conducted in the Tilburg region of The Netherlands from May 2000 to August 2001. Cases were car or van drivers involved in road crashes needing hospitalisation. Demographic and trauma related data was collected from hospital and ambulance records. Urine and/or blood samples were collected on admission. Controls were drivers recruited at random while driving on public roads. Sampling was conducted by researchers, in close collaboration with the Tilburg police, covering different days of the week and times of the day. Respondents were interviewed and asked for a urine sample. If no urine sample could be collected, a blood sample was requested. All blood and urine samples were tested for alcohol and a number of licit and illicit drugs. The main outcome measures were odds ratios (OR) for injury crash associated with single or multiple use of several drugs by drivers. The risk for road trauma was increased for single use of benzodiazepines (adjusted OR 5.1 (95% CI: 1.8-14.0)) and alcohol (blood alcohol concentrations of 0.50-0.79 g/1, adjusted OR 5.5 (95% CI: 1.3-23.2) and >=0.8g/1, adjusted OR 15.5 (95% CI: 7.1-33.9)). High relative risks were estimated for drivers using combinations of drugs (adjusted OR 6.1 (95% CI: 2.6-14.1)) and those using a combination of drugs and alcohol (OR 112.2 (95% CI: 14.1-892)). Increased risks, although not statistically significantly, were assessed for drivers using amphetamines, cocaine, or opiates. No increased risk for road trauma was found for drivers exposed to cannabis. The study concludes that drug use, especially alcohol, benzodiazepines and multiple drug use and drug-alcohol combinations, among vehicle drivers increases the risk for a road trauma accident requiring hospitalisation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2004

Psychometric properties of the CAST and SDS scales in young adult cannabis users Author(s): Cuenca-Royo AM, Sánchez-Niubó A, Forero CG, Torrens M, Suelves JM, Domingo-Salvany A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 709-715
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Protective factors of substance use in youth subcultures Author(s): Bobakova, D., Geckova, A.M., Klein, D., Reijneveld, S.A., & van Dijk, J.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 1063-1067
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Prospective association of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use and abuse/dependence: A meta-analytic review Author(s): Lee, S.S., Humphreys, K.L., Flory, K., Liu, R., & Glass, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 328-341
Keywords: cannabis adhd
Year Published: 2011

Prospective study of cannabis use in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: Impact on conversion to psychosis and functional outcome Author(s): Auther, A.M., McLaughlin, D., Carrión, R.E., Nagachandran, P., Correll, C.U., & Cornblatt, B.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 42
Page numbers: 2485-2497
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Profiles of alcohol- and marijuana-impaired adolescent drivers Author(s): Lewis, Todd F.; Thombs, Dennis L.; Olds, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Research and Theory
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 145-154
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors that distinguish alcohol-impaired and marijuana-impaired drivers from non-impaired drivers, among adolescents with a history of using these substances. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 6594 seventh- to twelfth-grade students in nine Ohio public school districts. Data analyses were conducted on the 11th to 12th grade sub-sample that had prior experience of alcohol (n = 1378) and/or marijuana use (n = 678). Logistic regression analyses confirmed that the involvements in alcohol-impaired and marijuana-impaired driving were both associated with higher levels of use of these two drugs. However, the profiles of these two risk behaviors were relatively distinct. Boyfriend/girlfriend alcohol use, hours spent at a job, race, family structure, and academic performance also had significant, independent relationships with the two driving practices. To effectively deter impaired driving among adolescents, prevention efforts must address the social context of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 1606-6359 1476-7392
Language : English
Year Published: 2005

Prognosis of schizophrenia in persons with and without a history of cannabis use Author(s): Manrique-Garcia E, Zammit S, Dalman C, Hemmingsson T, Andreasson S and Allebeck P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological medicine
Volume: 44
Page numbers: 2513-2521
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, cognition, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Probability and predictors of transition from first use to dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Author(s): Lopez-Quintero C, Cobos JP, Hasin DS, Okuda M, Wang S, Grant BF, Blanco C
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 115
Issue: 41671
Page numbers: 74-79
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Proenkephalin mediates the enduring effects of adolescent cannabis exposure associated with adult opiate vulnerability Author(s): Tomasiewicz, H.C., Jacobs, M.M., Wilkinson, M.B., Wilson, S.P., Nestler, E.J., & Hurd, Y.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 72
Page numbers: 803-810
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Probability and predictors of transition from first use to dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Author(s): Lopez-Quintero, C., Perez de los Cobos, J., Hasin, D. S., Okuda, M., Wang, S., Grant, B. F., Blanco, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 115
Page numbers: 120-130
Keywords: Cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Probability and predictors of remission from life-time nicotine, alcohol, cannabis or cocaine dependence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Author(s): Lopez-Quintero C, Hasin DS, de Los Cobos JP, Pines A, Wang S, Grant BF, Blanco C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 657-669
Keywords: Cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Principles of addiction: comprehensive addictive behaviors and disorders Author(s): Hall, W., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 517-524
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Prior psychotic episodes among patients in a substance abuse clinic Author(s): Wynn, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Use
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 127-132
Keywords: psychosis cannabis
Year Published: 2007

Primary prevention of cannabis use: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Author(s): Norberg, M. M., Kezelman, S., Lim-Howe, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: PLoS ONE
Volume: 8
Issue: e53187
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, prevention, adolescents
Year Published: 2013

Principles of addiction: comprehensive addictive behaviors and disorders Author(s): Hall, W., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 517-524
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Preventing cannabis users from driving under the influence of cannabis Author(s): Jones, Craig; Donnelly, Neil; Swift, Wendy; Weatherburn, Don
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 38
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 854-861
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Face-to-face, structured interviews were conducted with 320 recent cannabis users in New South Wales, Australia to assess the likely deterrent effects of (a) increasing the certainty of apprehension for driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and (b) doubling the severity of penalties for DUIC. Participants were presented with a drug-driving scenario and asked to indicate their likelihood of driving given that scenario. The perceived risk of apprehension and severity of punishment were manipulated in each scenario to create four different certainty/severity conditions and participants were randomly allocated to one of these four groups. A subsidiary aim was to assess the likely impact of providing factual information about the accident risk associated with DUIC. Recent drug drivers who felt at low risk of accident when DUIC were asked to rate their willingness to drive if convinced that it was dangerous. The results suggested that increasing the certainty but not severity of punishment would produce reductions in cannabis-intoxicated driving among recent cannabis users. Providing factual information about the risks associated with DUIC would appear to have little impact on drug-driving rates among this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2006

Previous use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and subsequent abuse of prescription opioids in young adults Author(s): Fiellin, L. E., Tetrault, J. M., Becker, W. C., Fiellin, D. A., Hoff, R. A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis comorbidity
Year Published: 2012

Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Drug Abuse and Dependence in the United States Author(s): Compton, Wilson M., Thomas, Yonette F., Stinson, Frederick S. & Grant, Bridget F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry
Volume: 64
Page numbers: 566 - 576
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2007

Prevalence of drugs of abuse in urine of drivers involved in road accidents in France: a collaborative study Author(s): Marquet, P.; Delpha, P.A.; Kerguelen, S.; Bremond, J.; Facy, F.; Garnier, M; Guery, B; Lhermitte, M; Mathe, D; Pellisier, A.L.; Renaudeau, C.; Vest, P; Seguela, J.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic Sciences
Volume: 43
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 806-811
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1998

Prevalence of DSM-IV and DSM-5 alcohol, cocaine, opioid, and cannabis use disorders in a largely substance dependent sample Author(s): Peer, K., Rennert, L., Lynch, K. G., Farrer, L., Gelernter, J., Kranzler, H. R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Prevalence of alcohol and other drugs and the concentrations in blood of drivers killed in road traffic crashes in Sweden Author(s): Ahlner, J., Holmgren, A. & Jones, A.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2013

Prevalence and intensity of basic symptoms among cannabis users: An observational study Author(s): Martinotti G, Di lorio G, Tedeschi D, De Berardis D, Niolu C, Janiri L, Di Giannantonio M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 111-116
Keywords: Cannabis health effects
Year Published: 2011

Prevalence of alcohol and drugs among Norwegian motor vehicle drivers: A roadside survey Author(s): Gjerde, Hallvard; Normann, Per T.; Pettersen, Bjorg S.; Assum, Terje; Aldrin, Magne; Johansen, Unni; Kristoffersen, Lena; Oiestada, Elisabeth L.; Christophersen, Asbjorg S.; Morlanda, Jorg
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 40
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 1765-1772
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol, psychoactive medicinal drugs and illegal drugs among drivers in Norwegian road traffic. Drivers of motor vehicles were selected from April 2005 to April 2006 in the south-eastern part of Norway, surrounding, but not including the capital, Oslo. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used. In the first stage, random road sites and time intervals were selected, and in the second stage, drivers were stopped by random at those sites and time intervals. Altogether about 12,000 drivers were asked to provide a sample of oral fluid (saliva) and answer a few questions. Samples of oral fluid were obtained from 88% of the drivers, of whom 30% were females and 70% males. The prevalence of each drug was estimated by a weighted average using weights adjusted for under- or over-sampling compared to traffic statistics. Alcohol or drugs were found in oral fluid samples of 4.5% of the drivers; alcohol in 0.4%, psychoactive medicinal drugs in 3.4%, and illegal drugs in 1.0%. Illegal drugs were found more frequently in samples from younger drivers, while psychoactive medicinal drugs were more frequently found in samples from older drivers. Psychoactive medicinal drugs were more prevalent among females than males, among drivers stopped on working days rather than weekends, and among those who reported annual driving distances less than 16,000km. The drugs found most frequently were zopiclone (1.4%), benzodiazepines (1.4%), codeine (0.8%), tetrahydrocannabinol (0.6%) and amphetamines (0.3%). Two or more drugs were found in 0.6% of the samples, corresponding to 15% of the drug-positive drivers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

Prenatal tobacco, marijuana, stimulant, and opiate exposure: outcomes and practice implications Author(s): Minnes, S., Lang, A., Singer, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
Volume: July
Page numbers: 57-70
Keywords: cannabis pregnancy
Year Published: 2011

Prevalence and impact of cannabis use disorders in adolescents with early onset first episode psychosis Author(s): Schimmelmann BG, Conus P, Cotton S, Kupferschmid S, McGorry PD, Lambert M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Psychiatry
Volume: 27
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 463-469
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Prenatal cannabis exposure and infant outcomes: overview of studies Author(s): Huizink, A. C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
Volume: 52
Page numbers: 42-52
Keywords: cannabis, fertility, health, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Preferences for policy options for cannabis in an Australian general population: A discrete choice experiment Author(s): Shanahan, M., Gerard, K., Ritter, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2014

Preliminary report of biological basis of sensitivity to the effects of cannabis on psychosis: AKT1 and DAT1 genotype modulates the effects of d-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on midbrain and striatal function Author(s): Bhattacharyya S, Atakan Z, Martin-Santos R, Crippa JA, Kambeitz J, Prata D, Williams S, Brammer M, Collier DA, McGuire PK.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Molecular Psychiatry
Volume: 17
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 1152-1155
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids neurobiology
Year Published: 2012

Predictors of starting and remaining in treatment at a specialist alcohol clinic Author(s): Jackson, Katie R., Booth, Peter G., McGuire, James & Salmon, Peter
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Use
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 89 - 100
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

Predictors of Treatment Contact Among Individuals with Cannabis Dependence Author(s): Agosti, V. & Levin, F.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 121 - 127
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

Predictors of program completion for women in residential substance abuse treatment Author(s): Knight, D.K., Logan, S.M. & Simpson, D.D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 43101
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2001

Predictors of cessation of marijuana use: an event history analysis Author(s): Chen, K.; Kandel, D.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 50
Page numbers: 109-121
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 1998

Predictors and consequences of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use in adolescents Author(s): Brière, F.N., Fallu, J.S., Descheneaux, A., & Janosz, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 785-788
Keywords: cannabis adolescents poly drug use
Year Published: 2011

Predictors of attrition from an outpatient marijuana-dependence counselling program Author(s): Roffman, R.A.; Klepsch, R.; Wertz, J.S.; Simpson, E.E.; Stephens, R.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 18
Page numbers: 553-566
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1993

Prediction of Cannabis Use Disorder between Boyhood and Young Adulthood: Clarifying the Phenotype and Environtype Author(s): Kirisci, L.; Tarter, R.; Mezzich, A.; Ridenour, T.; Reynolds, M.; Vanyukov, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 18
Page numbers: 36-47
Keywords: adolescent substance use
Year Published: 2009

Predicting Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) Scores: A Recursive Partitioning Analysis Using Survey Data from Czech Republic, Italy, the Netherlands and Sweden Author(s): Blankers M, Frijns T, Belackova V, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0108298
Volume: 9
Page numbers: e108298
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, research, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Predicting Drug Treatment Entry Among Treatment-Seeking Individuals Author(s): Hser, Y.; Maglione, M.; Polinsky, M.L.; Anglin, M.D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 213-220
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 1998

Pre-illness cannabis use and the early course of nonaffective psychotic disorders: Associations with premorbid functioning, the prodrome, and mode of onset of psychosis Author(s): Compton MT, Broussard B, Ramsay CE, Stewart T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 126
Page numbers: 71-76
Keywords: Cannabis Psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Pre-morbid Conduct Disorder symptoms are associated with cannabis use among individuals with a first episode of psychosis Author(s): Malcolm CP, Picchioni MM, Diforti M, Sugranyes G, Cooke E, Joseph C, McQueen G, Paparelli A, Stilo S, O'Connor J, Morgan C, Murray RM, Hodgins S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 126
Page numbers: 81-86
Keywords: Cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Practical experience with legalized cannabis Author(s): Gieringer D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 875-876
Year Published: 2012

Potential control of multiple sclerosis by cannabis and the endocannabinoid system Author(s): Pryce G, Baker D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 624-641
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids medicinal
Year Published: 2012

Postmortem redistribution of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH). Author(s): Holland, M.G., Schwope, D.M., Stoppacher, R., Gillen, S.B., & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 212
Page numbers: 247-251
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Positive cannabis results in urine and blood samples after consumption of hemp food products.[comment] Author(s): Alt, A.; Reinhardt, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 80-81
Notes: Alt A Reinhardt G Comment on: J Anal Toxicol. 1997 Jul-Aug;21(4):283-5; PMID: 9248945, Comment on: J Anal Toxicol. 1997 Sep;21(5):373-5; PMID: 9288590 United states Comment Letter
Keywords: cannabis other
ISBN: 0146-4760
Year Published: 1998

Popular intoxicants: What lessons can be learned from the last 40 years of alcohol and cannabis regulation? Author(s): Weissenborn, R. & Nutt, D.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychopharmacology
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 213-220
Keywords: cannabis policy
Year Published: 2012

Popular intoxicants: what lessons can be learned from the last 40 years of alcohol and cannabis regulation? Author(s): Weissenborn, R., Nutt, D. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychopharmacology
Volume: Advanced online publication
Page numbers: 41852
Year Published: 2011

Poor sleep quality as a risk factor for lapse following a cannabis quit attempt Author(s): Babson, K.A., Boden, M.T., Harris, A.H., Stickle, T.R., & Bonn-Miller, M.O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 44
Page numbers: 438-443
Keywords: cannabis, withdrawal, sleep
Year Published: 2013

Policy designs for cannabis legalization: starting with the eight Ps Author(s): Kilmer, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 259-261
Keywords: cannabis, legalization, policy
Year Published: 2014

Police custody following driving under the influence of cannabis: A prospective study Author(s): Mahindhoratep TS, Lepresle A, Chiadmi F, Schlatter J, Boraud C, Chariot P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 231
Page numbers: 92-97
Keywords: cannabis, driving, legal
Year Published: 2013

Physicians, medical marijuana, and the law Author(s): Gregorio J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The virtual mentor : VM
Volume: 16
Page numbers: 732-738
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2014

Physiological Resopnses to Exercise in Chronic Cigarette and Marijuana Users Author(s): Maksud, M.G.; Baron, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 127-134
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1980

Plasma and brain pharmacokinetic profile of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarine (CBDV), ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabigerol (CBG) in rats and mice following oral and intraperitoneal administration and CBD action on obsessive-compulsive beha Author(s): Deiana, S., Watanabe, A., Yamasaki, Y., Amada, N., Arthur, M., Fleming, S., Woodcock, H., Dorward, P., Pigliacampo, B., Close, S., Platt, B., & Riedel, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 219
Page numbers: 859-873
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Pharmacology: Cannabis in neurology-a potted review Author(s): Hosking R and Zajicek J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Nature reviews Neurology
Volume: 10
Page numbers: 429-430
Keywords: cannabis, cognition
Year Published: 2014

Physical activity and cannabis cessation Author(s): Irons JG, Babson KA, Bergeria CL and Bonn-Miller MO.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 485-492
Year Published: 2014

Pharmacology of Cannabinoids Author(s): Grotenhermen, F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroendocrinology Letters
Volume: 25
Issue: 41671
Page numbers: 14-23
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2004

Pharmacological interventions in the treatment of the acute effects of cannabis: a systematic review of literature Author(s): Crippa, J. A. S., Derenusson, G. N., Chagas, M. H. N., Atakan, Z., Martin-Santos, R., Zuardi, A. W., Hallak, J. E. C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Harm Reduction Journal
Volume: 9
Issue: 43831
Keywords: Cannabis pharmacology
Year Published: 2012

Perceptions and experiences of cannabis use by young adults living with a mental illness: a qualitative study Author(s): Stavropoulos, P., McGee, S., Smith, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian Social Policy Journal
Volume: 10
Page numbers: 51-69
Keywords: Cannabis adolescents mental health
Year Published: 2011

Person-related and treatment-related barriers to alcohol treatment Author(s): Saunders, S.M.; Zygowicz, K.M.; D'Angelo, B.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 30
Page numbers: 261-270
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

Perceived Need and Help-Seeking in Adults With Mood, Anxiety, or Substance Use Disorders Author(s): Mojtabai, R.; Olfson, M.; Mechanic, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry
Volume: 59
Page numbers: 77-84
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2007

Perceived risk associated with tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among people with and without psychotic disorders Author(s): Thornton, L.K., Baker, A.L., Johnson, M.P., & Lewin, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 2246-2251
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, health
Year Published: 2013

Patterns of use, sequence of onsets and correlates of tobacco and cannabis Author(s): Agrawal, A., Scherrer, J.F., Lynskey, M.T., Sartor, C.E., Grant, J.D., Haber, J.R., Madden, P.A., Jacob, T., Bucholz, K.K., & Xian, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 1141-1147
Keywords: cannabis tobacco
Year Published: 2011

People's views on marijuana, other drugs and driving: an update Author(s): Grilly, D.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 377-379
Notes: Grilly DM United states Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0279-1072
Year Published: 1981

Patterns of medical marijuana use among individuals sampled from medical marijuana dispensaries in los angeles Author(s): Grella CE, Rodriguez L and Kim T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of psychoactive drugs
Volume: 46
Page numbers: 263-272
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia Author(s): Barratt, M. J., Cakic, V., Lenton, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Patterns of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and related harm in city, regional and remote areas of Australia Author(s): Roxburgh, A., Miller, P., Dunn, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Patterns of cannabis use and prospective associations with health issues among young males Author(s): Baggio, S., N'Goran, A. A., Deline, S., Studer, J., Dupuis, M., Henchoz, Y., & Gmel, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 937-945
Keywords: cannabis, health, epidemiology, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Patterns and Predictors of Treatment Seeking After Onset of a Substance Use Disorder Author(s): Kessler, R.C.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Berglund, P.A.; Caraveo-Anduaga, J.J.; DeWit, D.J.; Greenfield, S.F.; Kolody, B.; Olfson, M.; Vega, W.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry
Volume: 58
Page numbers: 1065-1071
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2001

Patterns and correlates of cannabis use in young adulthood: A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for admission to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Author(s): Silins, E. A.
Document type: Book
Year Published: 2011

Patterns and correlates of treatment: findings of the 2000 – 2001 NSW minimum dataset of clients of alcohol and other drug treatment services Author(s): Copeland, J. & Indig, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 185 - 194
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2004

Parietal lobe volume deficits in adolescents with schizophrenia and adolescents with cannabis use disorders Author(s): Kumra, S., Robinson, P., Tambyraja, R., Jensen, D., Schimunek, C., Houri, A., Reis, T., & Lim, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume: 51
Page numbers: 171-180
Keywords: cannabis adolescents schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Paternal incarceration and trajectories of marijuana and other illegal drug use from adolescence into young adulthood: evidence from longitudinal panels of males and females in the United States Author(s): Michael E. Roettger, Raymond R. Swisher, Danielle C. Kuhl, Jorge Chavez
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 121-132
Keywords: Cannabis adolescents
Abstract: Aims One-eighth of young adults in the United States report that their biological father has ever been incarcerated (FEI). This study is the first to examine associations between FEI and trajectories of substance use during the transition from adolescence into young adulthood for the US population. Design Using multi-level modeling techniques, trajectories of marijuana and other illegal drug use are examined, with FEI as the primary independent variable. Setting Data are from the first three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of US adolescents beginning in 1995. Participants Panels of 7157 males and 7997 females followed from adolescence (7th–12th grades) into early adulthood (ages 18–27 years). Measurements Dependent variables included an ordinal measure of marijuana frequency of use in last thirty days, and a dichotomous measure for whether respondent had any use in the last thirty days of illegal drugs such crystal meth, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, PCP, LSD, speed, and ecstasy. Findings Among males and females, respectively, FEI is associated with an increased frequency of marijuana use, and increased odds of any other illegal drug use. Interactions between FEI and age further reveal that FEI is associated with an accentuated trajectory (i.e. a steeper slope) of marijuana use, and an elevated risk (i.e. higher mean level) of other illegal drug use. Conclusions Analysis provides some of the first evidence that paternal incarceration is significantly associated with drug use among U.S. males and females, even after controlling for a number of family background, parental, and individual characteristics.
Year Published: 2011

Overview of 5-year follow-up outcomes in the drug abuse treatment outcome studies (DATOS) Author(s): Hubbard, R.L.; Craddock, S.G.; Anderson, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 25
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 125-134
Notes: Abstract only
Keywords: adolescent development
Year Published: 2003

Parental monitoring at age 11 and subsequent onset of cannabis use up to age 17: results from a prospective study Author(s): Bohnert KM, Anthony JC, Breslau N
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 73
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 173-177
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

One year follow-up of cannabis dependence among long-term users in Sydney, Australia Author(s): Swift, W.; Hall, W.; Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 59
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 309-318
Keywords: cannabis poly drug use dependence
Year Published: 2000

Open-label pilot study of quetiapine treatment for cannabis dependence Author(s): Mariani, J. J. Pavlicova, M. Mamczur, A. K. Bisaga, A. Nunes, E. V. Levin, F. R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 280-284
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, withdrawal, pharmacology
Year Published: 2014

Nutritional status of drug addicts undergoing detoxification: prevalence of malnutrition and influence of illicit drugs and lifestyle Author(s): Nazrul Islam, S.K., Hossain, K.J., Ahmed, A. & Ahsan, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition
Volume: 88
Page numbers: 507 - 513
Keywords: cannabis pharmacotherapies detoxification
Year Published: 2002

Obesity and cannabis use: Results from 2 representative national surveys Author(s): Le Strat, Y. & Le Foll, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
Volume: 174
Page numbers: 929-933
Keywords: cannabis physical health
Year Published: 2011

On disruption of fear memory by reconsolidation blockade: evidence from cannabidiol treatment Author(s): Stern CA, Gazarini L, Takahashi RN, Guimarães FS, Bertoglio LJ.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 37
Issue: 9
Page numbers: 2132-2142
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids medicinal
Year Published: 2012

Nutritional effects of marijuana, heroin, cocaine, and nicotine Author(s): Mohs, M.E.; Watson, R.R.; Leonard-Green, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Volume: 90
Issue: 9
Page numbers: 1261-1267
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1990

Novel Delta-(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol formulation Namisol® has beneficial pharmacokinetics and promising pharmacodynamic effects Author(s): Klumpers LE, Beumer TL, van Hasselt JG, Lipplaa A, Karger LB, Kleinloog HD, Freijer JI, de Kam ML, van Gerven JM
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Volume: 74
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 42-53
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids medicinal
Year Published: 2012

Nutrition habits, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol and Cannabis use among anorectic and bulimic adolescents Author(s): Bellosa, S.A.; Nakoua, E.; Magklaraa, K.; Gkatsaa, T.; Mavreasa, V.G.; Skapinakis, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Psychiatry
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Page numbers: S270
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 2008

Nonreporting of cannabis use: Predictors and relationship to treatment outcome in methadone maintained patients Author(s): Ghitza, U.E.; Epstein, D.H.; Preston, K.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 938-949
Keywords: cannabis opiod treatment programs
Year Published: 2006

Non-?9tetrahydrocannabinol phytocannabinoids stimulate feeding in rats Author(s): Farrimond, J.A., Whalley, B.J. & Williams, C.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Behavioural Pharmacology
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 113-117
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

No association of candidate genes with cannabis use in a large sample of Australian twin families Author(s): Verweij KJ, Zietsch BP, Liu JZ, Medland SE, Lynskey MT, Madden PA, Agrawal A, Montgomery GW, Heath AC, Martin NG
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Biology
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 687-690
Keywords: cannabis biology genes twin studies
Year Published: 2012

Neuropsychological deficits associated with cannabis use in young adults Author(s): Grant, J.E., Chamberlain, S.R., Schreiber, L., & Odlaug, B.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 121
Page numbers: 159-162
Keywords: cannabis cognition adolescents
Year Published: 2012

Neurocognitive functions of heavy cannabis using schizophrenia patients Author(s): Lev-Ran S, Segev A, Braw Y, Levkovitz Y
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Psychiatry
Volume: 27
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 365-368
Keywords: cannabis schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Neuroprotective effects of phytocannabinoid-based medicines in experimental models of Huntington's disease Author(s): Sagredo, O., Pazos, M.R., Satta, V., Ramos, J.A., Pertwee, R.G., & Fernández-Ruiz, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Neuroscience Research
Volume: 89
Page numbers: 1509-1518
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Neurochemical basis of cannabis addiction Author(s): Maldonado R, Berrendero F, Ozaita A, Robledo P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroscience Letters
Volume: 181
Page numbers: 42736
Keywords: cannabis addiction dependence biology
Year Published: 2011

Neurochemical alterations in adolescent chronic marijuana smokers: A proton MRS study Author(s): Prescot, A.P., Locatelli, A.E., Renshaw, P.F., & Yurgelun-Todd, D.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroimage
Volume: 57
Page numbers: 69-75
Keywords: cannabis biology adolescent
Year Published: 2011

Neurobiology of cannabis--recent data enlightening driving disturbances Author(s): Costentin, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
Volume: 64
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 148-159
Notes: Costentin J Review France English Abstract Journal Article Review
Keywords: neurobiology cannabis
Abstract: During the last decades a new landscape of cannabis has been designed on account of: the increase in its use the greater youth of its users; the increase in the content of its main active constituent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a lot of new epidemiological and neurobiological data. THC displays an exceptional lipophilicity, allowing its cerebral storage, leading to long lasting effects, by far more lasting than its presence in blood, and beyond the period throughout the intoxicated people feel a disablement. This is linked to its slow release from brain areas in which large proportion of spare receptors exists (reserve receptors). THC disturbs cognition and various skills required in driving. It may be responsible for psychiatric troubles: anxiety, depression, suicide attempt, psychotic attack, triggering of schizophrenia. It potentiates the alcohol effects and incites to alcohol drinking. It displays close relationships with dependence to heroin. This new landscape of cannabis urges to make a radical alteration in the public communication about this drug of abuse as it has yet collected so many troubles, accidents or tragedies. [References: 39]
ISBN: 0003-4509
Year Published: 2006

National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2004: Detailed Findings Author(s): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare,
Document type: Government Document
Volume: cat. no. PHE 66
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2005

Narcotic use and driving behavior Author(s): Blomberg, Richard D.; Preusser, David F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 23-32
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Data from interviews with methadone maintenance patients (experimental Ss) and nonaddicted controls indicate that experimental Ss were no worse drivers than controls either as methadone patients or as heroin addicts. Narcotic users may be able to compensate for drug effects while driving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 1974

National Cannabis Strategy 2006 - 2009 Author(s): Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy (MCDS)
Document type: Journal Article
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Naltrexone does not attenuate the effects of intravenous Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy humans Author(s): Ranganathan, M., Carbuto, M., Braley, G., Elander, J., Perry, E., Pittman, B., Radhakrishnan, R., Sewell, R.A., & D'Souza, D.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 15
Page numbers: 1251-1264
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Myocardial infarction associated with use of the synthetic cannabinoid k2 Author(s): Mir, A., Obafemi, A., Young, A., & Kane, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pediatrics
Volume: 128
Page numbers: 1622-1627
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Nabiximols as an agonist replacement therapy during cannabis withdrawal Author(s): Allsop, D. J., Copeland, J., Lintzeris, N., Dunlop, A. J., Montebello, M., Sadler, C., Rivas, G. R., Holland, R. M., Muhleisen, P., Norberg, M. M., Booth, J., McGregor, I. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, health, medicine, medicinal use
Year Published: 2014

Multiple sclerosis II: new diagnostic criteria, association with smoking and effects of cannabis on cognitive function Author(s): Strupp M
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Neurology
Volume: 258
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 954-957
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders Author(s): Campos, A.C., Moreira, F.A., Gomes, F.V., Del Bel, E.A., & Guimarães, F.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
Volume: 367
Page numbers: 3364-3378
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Moving from research to practice just in time: the treatment of cannabis use disorders comes of age Author(s): Clark, H.W., Horton Jr, A.M., Dennis, M. & Babor, T.F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Page numbers: 41699
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2002

Multidimensional family therapy lowers the rate of cannabis dependence in adolescents: A randomised controlled trial in Western European outpatient settings Author(s): Rigter, H., Henderson, C.E., Pelc, I., Tossmann, P., Phan, O., Hendriks, V., Schaub, M., & Rowe, C.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 130
Page numbers: 85-93
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, treatment
Year Published: 2013

Motor vehicle collision risk and driving under the influence of cannabis: Evidence from adolescents in Atlantic Canada Author(s): Asbridge, Mark; Poulin, Christiane; Donato, Andrea
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 37
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1025-1034
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Objective: Employing a sample of 6087 senior students in Atlantic Canada, this paper examines the relationship between driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and motor vehicle collision (MVC) risk. A series of models were analyzed adjusting for demographic characteristics, driver experience, and substance use. Methods: Participants were drawn from the 2002/2003 Student Drug Use Survey in the Atlantic Provinces, an anonymous cross-sectional survey of adolescent students in the Atlantic provinces of Canada. Logistic regression techniques were employed in the analysis of unadjusted and adjusted models. Results: Among senior students, the prevalence of DUIC in the past year was 15.1% while the prevalence of MVCs was 8.1%. The predictors of DUIC were gender, driver experience, use of a fake ID, and driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA). The predictors of MVC were gender, driver experience, DUIC, and DUIA. Conclusions: These findings extend our knowledge of DUIC as a socio-legal and public health issue with implications on road safety. Effort must be placed on educating new drivers about cannabis use in the context of driving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2005

Moving beyond the grass ceiling Author(s): Patton, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 246-247
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2011

Motivations to quit cannabis use in an adult non-treatment sample: are they related to relapse? Author(s): Chauchard E, Levin KH, Copersino ML, Heishman SJ, Gorelick DA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 2422-2427
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, motivation
Year Published: 2013

Motives for cannabis use as a moderator variable of distress amoung young adults Author(s): Brodbeck, J.; Matter, M.; Page, J.; Moggi, F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Page numbers: 1537-1545
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2007

Motivational interviewing for substance abuse (Review) Author(s): Smedslund, G., Berg, R. C., Hammerstrom, K. T., Steiro, A., Leiknes, K. A., Dahl, H. M., Karlsen, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 1-126
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2011

Motivational interviewing and interaction skills training for parents to change cannabis use in young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial Author(s): Smeerdijk M, Keet R, Dekker N, van Raaij B, Krikke M, Koeter M, de Haan L, Barrowclough C, Schippers G, Linszen D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 42
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 1627-1636
Keywords: cannabis schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Motivational interviewing for incarcerated adolescents: effects of depressive symptoms on reducing alcohol and marijuana use after release Author(s): Stein, L. A. R., Lebeau, R., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Golembeske, C., Monti, P. M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 72
Page numbers: 497–506
Keywords: cannabis treatment depression
Year Published: 2011

Mortality following treatment for cannabis use disorders: Predictors and causes Author(s): Arendt, M., Munk-Jørgensen, P., Sher, L., & Jensen, S.O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 44
Page numbers: 400-406
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, mortality
Year Published: 2013

Motivation for Change and Barriers to Treatment among Young Cannabis Users Author(s): Fernández-Artamendi S, Fernández-Hermida JR, García-Fernández G, Secades-Villa R, García-Rodríguez O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Addiction Research
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 29-41
Keywords: cannabis motivation treatment
Year Published: 2012

Mortality among individuals with cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, MDMA, and opioid use disorders: A nationwide follow-up study of Danish substance users in treatment Author(s): Arendt, M., Munk-Jørgensen, P., Sher, L., & Jensen, S.O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 114
Issue: 41700
Page numbers: 134-139
Keywords: treatment dependence disorder
Year Published: 2011

Mortality following treatment for cannabis use disorders: predictors and causes Author(s): Arendt, M., Munk-Jørgensen, P., Sher, L., Jensen, S. O. W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 44
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 400-406
Keywords: cannabis, mortality
Year Published: 2012

Monitoring of chronic cannabis abuse: An LC-MS/MS method for hair analysis Author(s): Mercolini, L., Mandrioli, R., Protti, M., Conti, M., Serpelloni, G., & Raggi, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
Volume: 76
Page numbers: 119-125
Keywords: cannabis, testing
Year Published: 2013

Momentary positive and negative affect preceding marijuana use events in youth Author(s): Shrier LA, Ross CS and Blood EA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
Volume: 75
Page numbers: 781-789
Keywords: cannabis, motives, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Modulation of the effects of alcohol on driving-related psychomotor skills by chronic exposure to cannabis Author(s): Wright, K.; Terry, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 160
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 213-219
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: This study tested whether long-term cannabis use modulates the effects of alcohol on psychomotor skills and self-reported mood and sensation. Regular cannabis users (minimum: daily use for at least 3 years) and infrequent users (maximum: once-monthly use for at most 3 years) were matched for sex, age, alcohol intake and other drug use (14 Ss in each group). Ss received alcohol (females 0.35 g/kg; males 0.45 g/kg) and placebo drinks. By urinalysis, only regular users tested positive for metabolites of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol; breath alcohol levels were similar between groups. Ss were tested on a computerised tracking task that has been used to screen drugs for adverse effects on driving. Tracking accuracy was similar for both groups after placebo, but alcohol caused a significant deterioration in performance among infrequent cannabis users relative to regular users. These changes were mirrored by significant changes in self-reported scores for dizziness, measured by visual analogue scales. Alcohol slowed reaction times, but not differentially between groups. For psychomotor skills relevant to driving, chronic cannabis use (in the absence of acute administration) does not potentiate the effects of alcohol. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0033-3158 1432-2072
Language : English
Year Published: 2002

Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for simultaneous determination of ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and its main metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in urine samples Author(s): Nestic M, Babic S, Pavlovic DM, Sutlovic D
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 231
Page numbers: 317-324
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, measurement, drug testing
Year Published: 2013

Micro extraction by packed sorbent coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the rapid and sensitive determination of cannabinoids in oral fluids Author(s): Sergi, M., Montesano, C., Odoardi, S., Mainero Rocca, L., Fabrizi, G., Compagnone, D., & Curini, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Chromatography
Volume: 1301
Page numbers: 139-146
Keywords: cannabis, measurement
Year Published: 2013

Mixed consumption of cannabis and "Spice Author(s): Dziadosz, M., Klintschar, M. & Teske. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 235
Issue: 2
Keywords: cannabis, synthetic
Year Published: 2014

Modulation of auditory and visual processing by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol: An FMRI study Author(s): Winton-Brown, T.T., Allen, P., Bhattacharrya, S., Borgwardt, S.J., Fusar-Poli, P., Crippa, J.A., Seal, M.L., Martin-Santos, R., Ffytche, D., Zuardi, A.W., Atakan, Z., & McGuire, P.K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 1340-1348
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2011

Meta-analysis is no substitute for theory Author(s): Hammersley, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 247-248
Keywords: Cannabis research
Year Published: 2011

Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population Author(s): Van Der Pol, P., Liebregts, N., De Graaf, R., Ten Havel, M., Korf, D. J., Van Den Brink, W., Van Laar, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 108
Page numbers: 1459-1469
Keywords: cannabis, health, behaviours
Year Published: 2013

Mental health symptoms and their relationship to cannabis use in adolescents attending residential treatment Author(s): Albertella, L., Norberg, M. M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
Volume: 44
Page numbers: 381-389
Keywords: cannabis mental health
Year Published: 2012

Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population Author(s): van der Pol, P., Liebregts, N., de Graaf, R., Ten Have, M., Korf, D.J., van den Brink, W., & van Laar, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 108
Page numbers: 1459-1469
Keywords: cannabis, mental health, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Medicinal ?(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) impairs on-the-road driving performance of occasional and heavy cannabis users but is not detected in Standard Field Sobriety Tests Author(s): Bosker, W.M., Kuypers, K.P., Theunissen, E.L., Surinx, A., Blankespoor, R.J., Skopp, G., Jeffery, W.K., Walls, H.C., van Leeuwen C.J., & Ramaekers, J.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Page numbers: 1837-1844
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids driving
Year Published: 2012

Memory-rescuing effects of cannabidiol in an animal model of cognitive impairment relevant to neurodegenerative disorders Author(s): Fagherazzi, E.V., Garcia, V.A., Maurmann, N., Bervanger, T., Halmenschlager, L.H., Busato, S.B., Hallak, J.E., Zuardi, A.W., Crippa, J.A., & Schröder, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 219
Page numbers: 1133-1140
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Medicinal use of cannabis and cannabinoids in older adults: where is the evidence? Author(s): Ahmed, A.I., van den Elsen, G.A., van der Marck, M.A. & Olde Rikkert, M.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the American Geriatric’s Society
Page numbers: 410-411
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, medical use, medicinal
Year Published: 2014

Medical marijuana: a hazy state of affairs for nurses Author(s): Welsh J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American journal of nursing
Volume: 114
Page numbers: 19-20
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, medical use, medicinal
Year Published: 2014

Medical marijuana: more questions than answers Author(s): Hill KP.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of psychiatric practice
Volume: 20
Page numbers: 389-391
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal, policy
Year Published: 2014

Medication adherence mediates the impact of sustained cannabis use on symptom levels in first-episode psychosis Author(s): Faridi, K., Joober, R. & Malla, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 141
Page numbers: 78-82
Keywords: cannabis schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Medical marijuana and driving: a review Author(s): Neavyn MJ, Blohm E, Babu KM and Bird SB.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
Volume: 10
Page numbers: 269-279
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal, driving
Year Published: 2014

Medical Marijuana and Organ Transplantation: Drug of Abuse, or Medical Necessity? Author(s): Steven Baumrucker, Paige Mingle, Dianne Harrington, Matt Stolick, Gregory T. Carter, & Karrie A. Oertli
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
Volume: 28
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 130-134
Keywords: Cannabis medicinal medicine
Year Published: 2011

Medical cannabis Author(s): Koleth, E., Montoya, D., Griffith, G.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

Medical cannabis Author(s): Koleth, E., Montoya, D., Griffith, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Sydney: NSW Parliamentary Research Service
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, medical use, medicinal
Year Published: 2014

Measuring exposure to cannabis use and other substance use in remote aboriginal populations in northern Australia: Evaluation of a 'community epidemiology' approach using proxy respondents Author(s): Clough, A.R.; Cairney, S.; D'Abbs, P.; Parker, R.; Maruff, P.; Gray, D.; O'Reilly, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Research and Theory
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 261-274
Year Published: 2004

Medial temporal structures and memory functions in adolescents with heavy cannabis use Author(s): Ashtari, M., Avants, B., Cyckowski, L., Cervellione, K.L., Roofeh, D., Cook, P., Gee, J., Sevy, S., & Kumra, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: 45
Page numbers: 1055-1066
Year Published: 2011

Matching adolescents with a cannabis use disorder to multidimensional family therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy: Treatment effect moderators in a randomized controlled trial Author(s): Hendriks, V., van der Schee, E. & Blanken, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 125
Page numbers: 119-126
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2012

Maternal cannabis use alters ventral striatal dopamine d2 gene regulation in the offspring Author(s): Dinieri, J.A., Wang, X., Szutorisz, H., Spano, S.M., Kaur, J., Casaccia, P., Dow-Edwards, D., & Hurd, Y.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 70
Page numbers: 763-769
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids genetics
Year Published: 2011

Measuring change in cannabis use Author(s): Adamson, S. J., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Baker, A., Frampton, C. M. A., Sellman, D., Lewin, T. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Research and Theory
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, research
Year Published: 2014

Markets, methods and messages: Dynamics in European drug research Author(s): Potter, G. R., Chatwin, C.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 69-84
Year Published: 2011

Marijuana, driving, and accident safety Author(s): Gieringer, D. H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
Volume: 20
Page numbers: 93-101
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1988

Marijuana, endocannabinoids, and epilepsy: Potential and challenges for improved therapeutic intervention Author(s): Hofmann, M.E. & Frazier, C.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Experimental Neurology
Volume: 244
Page numbers: 43-50
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, treatment
Year Published: 2013

Marijuana, alcohol and actual driving performance Author(s): Ramaekers, J. G; Robbe, H. W. J.; O'Hanlon, J. F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Psychopharmacology
Volume: 15
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 551-558
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2000

Marijuana's impairing effects on driving are moderate when taken alone but severe when combined with alcohol Author(s): Robbe, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
Volume: 13
Issue: Suppl 2
Page numbers: S70-S78
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Investigated the effects of marijuana with vs without alcohol on actual driving in 4 single-blind, randomized, cross-over studies with a total of 90 21-40 yr olds. In Study 1, Ss performed a road-tracking test on a closed segment of a primary highway after smoking marijuana that contained 0, 100, 200 and 300 mu g/kg Delta -sup-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In Study 2, Ss smoked the same THC doses before they performed a road-tracking and a car-following test; however, this time in the presence of other traffic. In Study 3, Ss performed a city driving test. One group smoked marijuana delivering 0 and 100 mu g/kg THC prior to driving; the other group drank orange juice mixed with or without a low dose of alcohol. In Study 4, Ss performed a road-tracking and a car-following test in each of 6 conditions where they smoked marijuana with 0, 100, or 200 mu g/kg THC after they had consumed orange juice with or without alcohol. Results show that, while the effects of marijuana alone in doses up to 300mu g/kg might be categorized as "moderate," they become "severe" when low to moderate doses of alcohol are consumed prior to smoking marijuana. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0885-6222 1099-1077
Language : English
Year Published: 1998

Marijuana use motives: A confirmatory test and evaluation among young adult marijuana users Author(s): Zvolensky, M.J.; Vujanovic, A.A.; Bernstein, A.; Bonn-Miller, M.O.; Marshall, E.C.; Leyro, T.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 3122-3130
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2007

Marijuana use motives: Concurrent relations to frequency of past 30-day use and anxiety sensitivity among young adult marijuana smokers Author(s): Bonn-Miller, M.O.; Zvolensky, M.J.; Bernstein, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 49-62
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2007

Marijuana withdrawal among adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence Author(s): Budney, A.J.; Novy, P.L.; Hughes, J.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 94
Issue: 9
Page numbers: 1311-1321
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal craving
Year Published: 1999

Marijuana use and pregnancy: prevalence, associated behaviors, and birth outcomes Author(s): Desai, A., Mark, K., & Terplan, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume: 123
Page numbers: 46S
Keywords: cannabis, fertility, health
Year Published: 2014

Marijuana use and risk of lung cancer: a 40-year cohort study Author(s): Callaghan, R.C., Allebeck, P. Sidorchuk, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Cancer Causes & Control
Volume: 24
Page numbers: 1811-1820
Keywords: cannabis, respiratory health, cancer
Year Published: 2013

Marijuana use motives and social anxiety among marijuana-using young adults Author(s): Buckner, J.D.; Bonn-Miller, M.O.; Zvolensky, M.J.; Schmidt, N.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Issue: 10
Page numbers: 2238-2252
Keywords: adolescent substance use
Year Published: 2007

Marijuana use and achievement of abstinence from alcohol and other drugs among people with substance dependence: a prospective cohort study Author(s): Mojarrad M, Samet JH, Cheng DM, Winter MR and Saitz R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 142
Page numbers: 91-97
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Marijuana use and car crash injury Author(s): Blows, Stephanie; Ivers, Rebecca Q.; Connor, Jennie; Ameratunga, Shanthi; Woodward, Mark; Norton, Robyn
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 100
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 605-611
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Aims: To investigate the relationship between marijuana use prior to driving, habitual marijuana use and car crash injury Design and setting: Population based case-control study in Auckland, New Zealand. Participants: Case vehicles were all cars involved in crashes in which at least one occupant was hospitalized or killed anywhere in the Auckland region, and control vehicles were a random sample of cars driving on Auckland roads. The drivers of 571 case and 588 control vehicles completed a structured interview. Measurements: Self reported marijuana use in the 3 hours prior to the crash/ survey and habitual marijuana use over the previous 12 months were recorded, along with a range of other variables potentially related to crash risk. The main outcome measure was hospitalization or death of a vehicle occupant due to car crash injury. Findings: Acute marijuana use was significantly associated with car crash injury, after controlling for the confounders age, gender, ethnicity, education level, passenger carriage, driving exposure and time of day (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-12.9). However, after adjustment for these confounders plus other risky driving at the time of the crash (blood alcohol concentration, seat-belt use, travelling speed and sleepiness score), the effect of acute marijuana intake was no longer significant (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.2-3.3). There was a strong significant association between habitual use and car crash injury after adjustment for all the above confounders plus acute use prior to driving (OR 9.5, 95% CI 2.8-32.3). Conclusions: This population-based case-control study indicates that habitual use of marijuana is strongly associated with car crash injury. The nature of the relationship between marijuana use and risk-taking is unclear and needs further research. The prevalence of marijuana use in this driving population was low, and acute use was associated with habitual marijuana use, suggesting that intervention strategies may be more effective if they are targeted towards high use groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Language : English
Year Published: 2005

Marijuana use and driver risks: The role of epidemiology and experimentation [Editorial] Author(s): Fergusson, David M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 100
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 577-578
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Editorial comment on an article by Blows and colleagues (see record 2005-04310-007). This paper provides a good illustration of the value of the case-control design in risk factor research. Their results show that the habitual use of cannabis is associated with clear increases in the risk of death or injury from car crashes. The principal conclusions that the authors draw from their analysis is that the relationship between cannabis use car crashes is likely to be complex and may be confounded by such factors such as risky driving. They also conclude that targeting high-risk marijuana use groups may be more cost-effective than general population interventions such as random roadside testing. To date, the results of this experiment have not been promising. None the less, this type of social experiment will provide an interesting opportunity to look directly at the costs and benefits of random roadside testing for cannabis and other drugs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Language : English
Year Published: 2005

Marijuana initiates and their impact on future drug abuse treatment need Author(s): Gfroerer, J.C.; Epstein, J.F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 54
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 229-237
Keywords: adolescent development
Year Published: 1999

Marijuana Initiation Among American Youth and Its Risks as Dynamic Processes: Prospective Findings from a National Longitudinal Study Author(s): Tang, Z.; Orwin, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Use and Misuse
Volume: 44
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 195-211
Keywords: adolescent substance use
Year Published: 2009

Marijuana motives: Young adults' reasons for using marijuana Author(s): Lee, C.M.; Neighbours, C.; Woods, B.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1384-1394
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2007

Marijuana coping motives interact with marijuana use frequency to predict anxious arousal, panic related catastrophic thinking, and worry among current marijuana users. Author(s): Bonn-Miller, M.O., Zvolensky, M.J., Bernstein, A. & Stickle, T.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Depression Anxiety
Volume: 25
Issue: 10
Page numbers: 862-873
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2008

Marijuana as a trigger of cardiovascular events: Speculation or scientific certainty? Author(s): Aryana, A.; Williams, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Cardiology
Volume: 118
Page numbers: 141-144
Year Published: 2007

Marijuana as Promoter for Oral Cancer? More Than a Suspect Author(s): Alessandro, G.M.; Ahrens, D.D.; Bressi, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Disorders and Their Treatment
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 117-119
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 2007

Marijuana and madness Author(s): Hall, W., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 55-63
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Marijuana and other drug use among automobile and motorcycle drivers treated at a trauma center Author(s): Soderstrom, C. A.; Dischinger, P. C.; Kerns, T. J.; Trifillis, A. L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 27
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 131-135
Notes: Soderstrom CA Dischinger PC Kerns TJ Trifillis AL England Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Serum from injured automobile and motorcycle drivers treated at a trauma center was tested for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol activity to determine precrash marijuana use. From June 1990 to March 1991, samples from approximately 20 automobile drivers per month and all motorcycle drivers were available for testing. Also, toxicology screens were performed for ethyl alcohol, cocaine, and phencyclidine (PCP) among the driver groups. Six (2.7%) of the 225 automobile (AUT) drivers and 34 (32.0%) of the 106 motorcycle (MTC) drivers were THC+ (p ISBN: 0001-4575
Year Published: 1995

Marijuana and Driving: Trends, Design Issues, and Future Recommendations Author(s): Liguori, Anthony
Document type: Edited Book
Page numbers: (2007). Pot politics: Marijuana and the
Notes: References Chapter
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: (from the chapter) This chapter summarizes the current state of peer-reviewed research on acute marijuana effects on both actual and simulated driving. Most research on the connection between marijuana use and driving may be divided into three major classes of studies that occasionally overlap. These classes are (1) post-hoc epidemiological surveys examining the extent to which prior marijuana use predicted collision-related injuries; (2) simulated driving studies; and (3) studies of actual on-road driving. While several reviews of the existing literature have drawn comparable conclusions, the available peer-reviewed literature has been marked by several inconsistencies in the methods used and samples recruited. The emphasis of this chapter will be on identifying the strengths and limitations of the procedural approaches within this area of research. In determining the effects of marijuana use on driving, one must study not only results but also experimental design components such as route of administration, dose selection, drugs administered concurrently within the study, realism of driving simulation, and key dependent driving measures. Participant pre-study marijuana and other drug use patterns also must be considered. These characteristics are summarized separately below. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0195188020 (hardcover), 9780195188028 (hardcover)
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Marijuana and madness Author(s): Degenhardt, L., Hall, W., Lynskey, M., Coffey, C., Patton, G.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 114-128
Keywords: cannabis depression
Year Published: 2012

Marijuana and driving in real-life situations Author(s): Klonoff, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Science
Volume: 186
Issue: 4161
Page numbers: 317-324
Notes: Klonoff H United states Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: It is evident that the smoking of marijuana by human subjects does have a detrimental effect on their driving skills and performance in a restricted driving area, and that this effect is even greater under normal conditions of driving on city streets. The effect of marijuana on driving is not uniform for all subjects, however, but is in fact bidirectional; whether or not a significant decline occurs in driving ability is dependent both on the subject's capacity to compensate and on the dose of marijuana. For those subjects who improved their performance, the explanation may lie in overcompensation and possibly the sedative effect of the drug. Whereas the street portion of this study approximated normal driving conditions, it should be emphasized that the context of the driving experience een on city streets was experimental. the design of this study maximal safeguards in terms of a dual control vehicle and a driver observr; in addition, the subjects were proffessionally screened and, with rare exception, they were emotionally stable. Given the experimental setting and set, the safeguards, and the nature of the study sample, idiosyncratic behaviour that might occure under normal driving condition would be less likely to occur in a study such as this. Other identified factors might lead to more stringent conclussions regarding the effects of marijuana on driving.The first is night driving, which may be more stressful. But an even more important unanswered question is the cumulative effect of alcohol and marijuana on driving (64 percent of the study sample reported alcohol in combination with marihjuana before driving). Third, the doses of marijuana used in this study were within the range of social marijuana usage(1); more heroic doses might be taken before driving. Fourth, the effect of marijuana on reactions and decision during high speed is still another unknown. What are the recommendations that emarge from this study? Driving under the influence of marijuana should be avoided as much as should driving under the influence of alcohol. More investigation is urgently required-and high priority should be given to studies that approximate normal conditions of driving and in which alcohol and marijuana are administered to the same subjects.
ISBN: 0036-8075
Year Published: 1974

Marijuana and driving Author(s): McBay, A.J.; Owens, S.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: NIDA Research Monograph
Volume: 34
Page numbers: 257-263
Notes: McBay AJ Owens SM United states Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 1046-9516
Year Published: 1981

Marijuana abuse Author(s): National Institute on Drug Abuse
Document type: Government Document
Year Published: 2010

Marijuana and alcohol combined severely impede driving performance Author(s): Harris, Joan S.; Jolly, B. Tilman; Runge, Jeffrey; Todd, Knox H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annals of Emergency Medicine
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 398-399
Notes: VF 2000-311
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2000

Marihuana: Effects on simulated driving performance Author(s): Moskowitz, Herbert; Hulbert, Slade; McGlothlin, William H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 45-50
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Tested the simulated driving performance of 23 21-32 yr old males given either 0, 50, 100, or 200 mcg/kg of Delta-sup-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on 4 different occasions. The simulator uses a car mounted on a chassis dynamometer facing a filmed scene subtending 160Deg.. 25 performance measures are derived based on steering wheel, brake, and accelerator pad usage, as well as speed and tracking. A visual search-and-recognition task based on random appearance of lights in the periphery is also included. There was little evidence for a significant effect of marihuana on car control and tracking. None of the 25 car control-tracking scores was significantly changed by the treatments. However, there was a statistically significant does-related decrement in performance of the search-and-recogniton task. Marihuana produced increased errors in recognition of the lights and delayed response times to their appearance. Results suggest that the prime locus of marihuana impairment of driving performance is in its interference with perceptual processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 1976

Marijuana Abstinence Effects in Marijuana Smokers Maintained in Their Home Environment Author(s): Budney, A.J.; Hughes, J.R.; Moore, B.A.; Novy, P.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry
Volume: 58
Page numbers: 917-924
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2001

Marihuana and simulated driving Author(s): Kalant, H.; Crancer, A., Jr.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Science
Volume: 166
Issue: 3905
Page numbers: 640
Notes: Kalant H Crancer A Jr United states Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0036-8075
Year Published: 1969

Managing the use of cannabis in a young population in primary care Author(s): Madoz-Gúrpide, A. & Ochoa Mangado, E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Atencion Primaria
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 319-324
Keywords: cannabis use youth
Year Published: 2011

Marihuana and automobile driving Author(s): Davis, J. H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the American Medical Association
Volume: 221
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 714
Notes: Davis JH United states Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0098-7484
Year Published: 1972

Marihuana and driving Author(s): Moskowitz, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 323-345
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1985

Management of cannabis use during pregnancy: an assessment of healthcare professionals' practices Author(s): Gérardin M, Victorri-Vigneau C, Louvigné C, Rivoal M, Jolliet P
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
Volume: 20
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 464-473
Keywords: cannabis reproductive health
Year Published: 2011

Making space for cannabis policy experiments Author(s): Hall, W., Fischer, B., Lenton, S., Reuter, P., & Room, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1192-1193
Keywords: cannabis policy
Year Published: 2011

MAKINGtheLINK: a school-based health promotion programme to increase help-seeking for cannabis and mental health issues among adolescents Author(s): Bonita J. Berridge, Kate Hall, Paul Dillon, Leanne Hides, Dan I. Lubman
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Early Intervention in Psychiatry
Page numbers: 81-88
Keywords: cannabis intervention youth
Abstract: Aim: There is increasing concern regarding the use of cannabis among adolescents, especially given recent evidence highlighting its link with later mental disorders. Encouraging young people with mental health or drug issues to seek professional help is an important early intervention strategy; however, adolescents are typically reluctant to do so and instead turn to their peers for help. Peers may not have the skills or knowledge required to assist their friends to access professional help. This paper describes the development and evaluation of MAKINGtheLINK, a school-based health promotion programme that promotes help-seeking behaviour for mental health and cannabis use issues among young people. Methods: The MAKINGtheLINK programme was piloted with 182 Year 10 students at a secondary school in Melbourne, Australia. Forty teachers received the MAKINGtheLINK staff professional development session. Results: The delivery of the MAKINGtheLINK programme was found to be both acceptable and feasible within a school setting. Students and teachers described it as a fun, engaging, helpful and important programme. Students reported increased confidence and awareness of how to seek help for themselves or a friend, and teachers indicated increased confidence and awareness of how to assist students to seek help for cannabis use and/or mental health problems. Conclusions: MAKINGtheLINK was successfully implemented within the school curriculum. We believe this is the first school-based programme that specifically focuses on facilitating professional help-seeking for cannabis use and mental health problems among young people, and demonstrates that utilizing peer models for help-seeking is a valuable resource for early intervention initiatives.
Year Published: 2011

Longitudinal associations of cannabis and illicit drug use with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among Nova Scotia high school students Author(s): Rasic, D., Weerasinghe, S., Asbridge, M., & Langille, D.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 129
Page numbers: 49-53
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, mortality
Year Published: 2013

Long-term CB1 receptor blockade enhances vulnerability to anxiogenic-like effects of cannabinoid Author(s): Tambaro, S., Tomasi, M.L. & Bortolato, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropharmacology
Volume: 70
Page numbers: 268-277
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Long-term effects of cannabis on brain structure Author(s): Battistella G, Fornari E, Annoni JM, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: europsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 2041-2048
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Long-term cannabis use: Characteristics of users in an Australian rural area Author(s): Reilly, D; Didcott, P; Swift, Wendy; Hall, Wayne
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 93
Page numbers: 837-846
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 1998

Limits of the quasi-induced exposure method when compared with the standard case-control design Author(s): Lenguerrand, E.; Martin, J.; Moskal, A.; Gadegbeku, B.; Laumon, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 861-868
Notes: References The SAM group Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The disparities between the quasi-induced exposure (QIE) method and a standard case-control approach with crash responsibility as disease of interest are studied. The 10,748 drivers who had been given compulsory cannabis and alcohol tests subsequent to involvement in a fatal crash in France between 2001 and 2003 were used to compare the two approaches. Odds ratios were assessed using conditional and unconditional logistic regressions. While both approaches found that drivers under the influence of alcohol or cannabis increased the risk of causing a fatal crash, the two approaches are not equivalent. They differ mainly with regards to the driver sample selected. The QIE method results in splitting the overall road safety issue into two sub-studies: a matched case-control study dealing with two-vehicle crashes and a case-control study dealing with single-vehicle crashes but with a specific control group. Using a specific generic term such as "QIE method" should not hide the real underlying epidemiological design. On the contrary, the standard case-control approach studies drivers involved in all type of crashes whatever the distribution of the responsibility in each crash. This method also known as "responsibility analysis" is the most relevant for assessing the overall road safety implications of a driver characteristic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

Listening to what Indigenous people in remote communities say about alcohol restrictions and cannabis use: "Good thing that the alcohol's gone, but the gunja has kept going Author(s): Clough, A.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medical Journal of Australia
Volume: 197
Page numbers: 275
Keywords: cannabis indigenous
Year Published: 2012

Lifecourse SEP and tobacco and cannabis use Author(s): Bowes, L., Chollet, A., Fombonne, E., Galéra, C., & Melchior, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Public Health
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 322-327
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Letter to the editor and reply on: "Drugs and driving," Traffic Injury Prevention, 5:241-253, 2004.[comment] Author(s): Asbridge, Mark
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Traffic Injury Prevention
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 197
Notes: Asbridge M Comment on: Traffic Inj Prev. 2004 Sep;5(3):241-53; PMID: 15276925 United States Comment Letter
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 1538-9588
Year Published: 2005

Legal substance use and the development of a DSM-IV cannabis use disorder during adolescence: the TRAILS study Author(s): Prince van Leeuwen, A., Creemers, H.E., Verhulst, F.C., Vollebergh, W.A., Ormel, J, van Oort, F. & Huizink, A.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 303-311
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Just say 'know': how do cannabinoid concentrations influence users' estimates of cannabis potency and the amount they roll in joints? Author(s): Freeman TP, Morgan CJ, Hindocha C, Schafer G, Das RK and Curran HV.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 1686-1694
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, research, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Learning impairment by ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol in adolescence is attributable to deficits in chunking Author(s): Steel, R.W., Miller, J.H., Sim, D.A., & Day, D.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Behavioural Pharmacology
Volume: 22
Page numbers: 837-846
Keywords: cannabis adolescents cognition
Year Published: 2011

Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana "spice Author(s): Freeman WD, Louh IK, Gooch CL, Freeman MJ, Rose DZ and Burgin WS
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neurology
Volume: 83
Page numbers: 772-773
Keywords: cannabis, synthetic
Year Published: 2014

Is your high getting you low? Cannabis and mental health: Teacher resource for years 9 and 10 Author(s): Victoria Department of Health
Document type: Journal Article
Keywords: Cannabis adolescents mental health
Year Published: 2010

Is thromboangiitis obliterans presentation influenced by cannabis addiction? Author(s): Martin-Blondel G, Koskas F, Cacoub P, Sène D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annals of Vascular Surgery
Volume: 25
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 469-473
Keywords: cannabis addiction dependence biology
Year Published: 2011

Is there an epidemiological paradox for illicit drugs? Author(s): Andreasson, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 248-249
Keywords: Cannabis research
Year Published: 2011

Is serving in the armed forces associated with tobacco or cannabis initiation? A study of onset sequences before and after joining the French armed forces Author(s): Mayet A, Marimoutou C, Esvan M, Verret C, Haus-Cheymol R, Michel R, Meynard JB, Deparis X, Migliani R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 2437-2444
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health
Year Published: 2013

Is driving under the influence of cannabis becoming a greater risk to driver safety than drink driving? Findings from a longitudinal study Author(s): Fergusson, David M.; Horwood, L.; Boden, Joseph M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 40
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 1345-1350
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The present study examined the associations driving under the influence of (a) cannabis and (b) alcohol, and motor vehicle collisions during, in a longitudinal study of a New Zealand birth cohort (n = 936). Participants reported significantly (p .70). The results of the present study suggest that, for some populations, the risks of driving under the influence of cannabis may now be greater than the risks of driving under the influence of alcohol. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

Involvement of serotonin-mediated neurotransmission in the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter on cannabidiol chronic effects in panic-like responses in rats Author(s): Campos, A.C., de Paula Soares, V., Carvalho, M.C., Ferreira, F.R., Vicente, M.A., Brandão, M.L., Zuardi, A.W., Zangrossi, H. Jr, & Guimarães, F.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 226
Page numbers: 13-24
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoid, animal
Year Published: 2013

Involvement of peripheral cannabinoid and opioid receptors in ß-caryophyllene-induced antinociception Author(s): Katsuyama, S., Mizoguchi, H., Kuwahata, H., Komatsu, T., Nagaoka, K., Nakamura, H., Bagetta, G., Sakurada, T., & Sakurada, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Pain
Volume: 17
Page numbers: 664-675
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Involvement of opioid system in cognitive deficits induced by ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats Author(s): Egashira, N., Manome, N., Mishima, K., Iwasaki, K., Oishi, R., & Fujiwara, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 219
Page numbers: 1111-1118
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Investigating the interaction between schizotypy, divergent thinking and cannabis use Author(s): Schafer G, Feilding A, Morgan CJ, Agathangelou M, Freeman TP, Valerie Curran H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Consciousness and Cognition
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 292-298
Keywords: cannabis adolescents schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Investigations into the hypothesis of transgenic cannabis Author(s): Cascini F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic Sciences
Volume: 57
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 718-721
Keywords: cannabis genetics
Year Published: 2012

Intractable neuropathic pain due to ulnar nerve entrapment treated with cannabis and ketamine 10% Author(s): Hesselink, J.M. & Kopsky, D.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
Volume: 24
Page numbers: 78-79
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids medicinal
Year Published: 2012

Interpreting scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Author(s): Andrwes, G.; Slade, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Volume: 25
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 494-497
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2001

Interventions for Cannabis Use Problems Author(s): Budney, A.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2008

Internet and computer based interventions for cannabis use: A meta-analysis Author(s): Tait, R. J., Spijkerman, R., Riper, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, internet
Year Published: 2013

Interactive Effects of Nutrition and Cannabis Upon Rat Perinatal Development Author(s): Charlebois, A.T.; Fried, P.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Developmental Psychology
Volume: 13
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 591-605
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 1980

Injury risk associated with cannabis and cocaine use Author(s): Macdonald, Scott; Anglin-Bodrug, Kristin; Mann, Robert, E; Erickson, Patricia; Hathaway, Andrew; Chipman, Mary; Rylett, Margaret
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 72
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 99-115
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

Initiation and progression of cannabis use in a population-based Australian adolescent longitudinal study Author(s): Coffey, C., Lynskey, M., Wolfe, R. & Patton, G.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 95
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1679-1690
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2000

Initial reactions to tobacco and cannabis smoking: a twin study Author(s): Agrawal, A., Madden, P. A., Bucholz, K. K., Heath, A. C., & Lynskey, M. T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 663-671
Keywords: cannabis, health, epidemiology, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Initiation and progression of cannabis use in a population-based Australian adolescent longitudinal study Author(s): Coffey, C., Lynskey, M., Wolfe, R. & Patton, G.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 95
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1679 - 1690
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2000

Inhibitory effect of cannabichromene, a major non-psychotropic cannabinoid extracted from Cannabis sativa, on inflammation-induced hypermotility in mice Author(s): Izzo AA, Capasso R, Aviello G, Borrelli F, Romano B, Piscitelli F, Gallo L, Capasso F, Orlando P, Di Marzo V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
Volume: 166
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 1444-1460
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Influence of ethanol on cannabinoid pharmacokinetic parameters in chronic users Author(s): Toennes, S.W., Schneider, K., Kauert, G.F., Wunder, C., Moeller, M.R., Theunissen, E.L., & Ramaekers, J.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
Volume: 400
Page numbers: 145-152
Keywords: cannabinoids ethanol
Year Published: 2011

Influence of ethanol on the pharmacokinetic properties of d9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid Author(s): Toennes, S.W., Schneider, K., Wunder, C., Kauert, G.F., Moeller, M.R., Theunissen, E.L., & Ramaekers, J.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 152-158
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Individual and country-level effects of cannabis-related perceptions on cannabis use: A multilevel study among adolescents in 32 European countries Author(s): Piontek, D., Kraus, L., Bjarnason, T., Demetrovics, Z., & Ramstedt, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume: 52
Page numbers: 473-479
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Individuals Seeking Treatment for Cannabis-Related Problems in Ontario: Demographic and Treatment Profile Author(s): Urbanoski, K.A.; Strike, C.J.; Rush, B.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Addiction Research
Volume: 11
Page numbers: 115-123
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2005

Incremental Validity of Coping-oriented Marijuana Use Motives in the Prediction of Affect-based Psychological Vulnerability Author(s): Mitchell, H.; Zvolensky, M.J.; Marshall, E.C.; Bonn-Miller, M.O.; Vujanovic, A.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 277-288
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2007

Increasing treatment options for cannabis dependence: A review of potential pharmacotherapies Author(s): Hart, C.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 80
Page numbers: 147-159
Keywords: cannabis pharmacotherapies detoxification
Year Published: 2005

Increased gray matter density in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis use: A voxel-based morphometric study using DARTEL Author(s): Schnell T, Kleiman A, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E, Daumann J, Becker B
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 138
Issue: 41700
Page numbers: 183-187
Keywords: cannabis neurobiology schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Increasing cannabis use: what we still need to know about its effects on the lung Author(s): Tashkin, D. P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Respirology
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 619-620
Keywords: Cannabis, respiratory, health, lung
Year Published: 2014

Incident cannabis use in adolescents and young adults is associated with an increased risk of developing psychotic symptoms Author(s): Kirkbride, J.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Evidence-based Mental Health
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 70
Keywords: cannabis adolescents psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Increased CB2 mRNA and anandamide in human blood after cessation of cannabis abuse Author(s): Muhl, D. Kathmann, M. Hoyer, C. Kranaster, L. Hellmich, M. Gerth, C. W. Faulhaber, J. Schlicker, E. Leweke, F. M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Volume: 387
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 691-695
Keywords: cannabis, testing, measurement
Year Published: 2014

Incidence trends of cannabis and cocaine use from periodic Spanish general population surveys: Effect of standardizing results by age structure Author(s): Sánchez-Niubò, A., Sordo, L., Fortiana, J., Brugal, M.T., & Domingo-Salvany, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 108
Page numbers: 1450-1458
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Implicit cognition, sensation seeking, marijuana use and driving behavior among drug offenders Author(s): Ames, Susan L.; Zogg, Jennifer B.; Stacy, Alan W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Personality and Individual Differences
Volume: 33
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1055-1072
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: This research addresses the relative contributions of cognitive and personality constructs in drug use motivation and problem behaviors associated with use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among 4 factors: Sensation seeking, memory association, marijuana use, and driving under the influence (DUI) in a high-risk population. Gender was also analyzed for its potentially confounding effects. Participants were 166 1st- and 2nd-time drug offenders ranging in age from 18-50 yrs who were enrolled in a drug diversion education/counseling program in southern California. Results show that memory association independently predicts marijuana use and mediates the predictive effects of sensation seeking on marijuana use. Memory association, but not sensation seeking, also has a significant indirect effect on DUI, mediated through marijuana use. These findings have important implications for the development of prediction models of drug use and DUI for high-risk populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0191-8869
Language : English
Year Published: 2002

Impulsivity differences in recreational cannabis users and binge drinkers in a university population Author(s): Moreno M, Estevez AF, Zaldivar F, Montes JM, Gutiérrez-Ferre VE, Esteban L, Sánchez-Santed F, Flores P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 124
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 355-362
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Incidence of alcohol and drugs in fatally injured car drivers in Norway Author(s): Gjerde, H.; Beylich, K-M; Morland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 25
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 479-483
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1993

Impaired functional connectivity of brain reward circuitry in patients with schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder: Effects of cannabis and THC Author(s): Fischer, A. S. Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. Roth, R. M. Brunette, M. F. Green, A. I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Impact of substance use on the Australian workforce Author(s): Gates, P., Grove, R., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Addiction and Prevention
Volume: 1
Page numbers: 6
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, employment
Year Published: 2013

Impact of lowering confirmatory test cutoff value in pre-enlistment urine cannabinoids screening: About five years' experience in the French gendarmerie Author(s): Lecompte, Y., Perrin, M., Salle, S., & Roussel, O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 569-574
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoid urinalysis
Year Published: 2012

Impact of oral fluid collection device on cannabinoid stability following smoked cannabis Author(s): Anizan, S. Bergamaschi, M. M. Barnes, A. J. Milman, G. Desrosiers, N. Lee, D. Gorelick, D. A. Huestis, M. A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug Test Anal
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, testing
Year Published: 2014

Impact of cannabis use on male sexual health Author(s): Shamloul, R. & Bella, A.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Sexual Medicine
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 971-975
Year Published: 2011

Immunochemical approach using Monoclonal antibody against ?(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA) to discern cannabis plants and to investigate new drug candidates Author(s): Tanaka H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current Drug Discovery Technologies
Volume: 8
Page numbers: 42064
Keywords: Cannabis medicinal medicine
Year Published: 2011

Illicit drugs as cause of traffic crashes, focus on cannabis Author(s): Kauert, Gerold; Iwersen-Bergmann, Stefanie
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Sucht: Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaft und Praxis
Volume: 50
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 327-333
Notes: German [References Drogen als Ursache fur Verkehrsunfalle, im Fokus: Cannabis Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Aim: Circumstances of 108 traffic crashes with detection of drugs (other than alcohol) in blood of the responsible driver were evaluated to find out a relationship between drug type, measured blood concentration and traffic crash circumstances. Method: Toxicological results of blood analysis in combination with the documents of judicial inquiry were made available for the evaluation. Classified characteristics were generated on account of the data. Results: Presence of cannabis as the sole psychoactive drug represents the biggest group of the single-drug detection cases. This group shows the most severe crash outcome together with the most frequent inconspicuous physical medical evidence. Crashes occurred frequently in the dark. Conclusions: The study shows cannabis in connection with driving not to be a "harmless" or "soft" drug. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0939-5911
Language : German
Year Published: 2004

Immediate antecedents of marijuana use: an analysis from ecological momentary assessment Author(s): Buckner JD, Crosby RD, Silgado J, Wonderlich SA, Schmidt NB
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 647-655
Keywords: cannabis measurement
Year Published: 2012

Illicit drug data report 2009-10 Author(s): Australian Crime Commission
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis law legal
Year Published: 2011

Illicit drug use in Australia: Epidemiology, use patterns and associated harm. (2nd Edition) Author(s): Ross, Joanne; Commonwealth of Australia,; Commonwealth of Australia,
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2007

Illicit drugs and driving : prevalence, beliefs and accident involvement among a cohort of current out-of-treatment drug users Author(s): Albery, Ian P.; Strang, John; Gossop, Michael; Griffiths, Paul
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 58
Issue: 41671
Page numbers: 197-204
Notes: 0376-8716
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2000

Illegal drugs and nutrition in undergraduate students Author(s): Davis, R.E.; Midalia, N.D.; Curnow, D.H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The Medical Journal of Australia
Volume: 1
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 617-620
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1978

Identification of recent cannabis use: Whole-blood and plasma free and glucuronidated cannabinoid pharmacokinetics following controlled smoked cannabis administration Author(s): Schwope, D.M., Karschner, E.L., Gorelick, D.A., & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Chemistry
Volume: 57
Page numbers: 1406-1414
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Identifying factors that predict persistent driving after drinking, unsafe driving after drinking, and driving after using cannabis among young adults Author(s): Begg, Dorothy J.; Langley, John D.; Stephenson, Shaun
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 35
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 669-675
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The main aim of this study was to identify adolescent/young adulthood factors that predicted persistent driving after drinking, persistent unsafe driving after drinking, and persistent cannabis use and driving among young adults. It was a longitudinal study of a birth cohort and was based on data collected at ages 15,18, 21 and 26 years. At each of these ages members of the cohort attended the research unit for a personal interview by a trained interviewer, using a standardized questionnaire. For this study, the data for the outcome measures (persistent driving after drinking, persistent unsafe driving after drinking, and persistent driving after using cannabis) were obtained at ages 21 and 26 years. The main explanatory measures were collected at ages 15,18,21 years and included demographic factors; mental health measures ; anti-social behavior (juvenile arrest, aggressive behavior, court convictions); early driving behavior and experiences (car and motorcycle licences, traffic crashes). The analyses were conducted by gender. The results show different characteristics were associated with persistence in each of these outcome behaviors. This indicates that different approaches would be required if intervention programmes were to be developed to target these behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2003

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to social stress and adolescent cannabis use: The TRAILS study Author(s): Prince van Leeuwen, A., Creemers, H.E., Greaves-Lord, K., Verhulst, F.C., Ormel, J., & Huizink, A.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1484-1492
Keywords: cannabis adolescents
Year Published: 2011

Identification and structural elucidation of four cannabimimetic compounds (RCS-4, AM-2201, JWH-203 and JWH-210) in seized products Author(s): Denooz, R., Vanheugen, J.C., Frederich, M., de Tullio, P., & Charlier, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 56-63
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

How much can you drink before driving? The influence of riding with impaired adults and peers on the driving behaviors of urban and rural youth Author(s): Leadbeater, Bonnie J.; Foran, Kathleen; Grove-White, Aidan
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 103
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 629-637
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Aims: Following an ecological model to specify risks for impaired driving, we assessed the effects of youth attitudes about substance use and their experiences of riding in cars with adults and peers who drove after drinking alcohol or smoking cannabis on the youths' own driving after drinking or using cannabis. Design and methods: Participants were 2594 students in grades 10 and 12 (mean age = 16 years and 2 months; 50% girls) from public high schools in urban (994) and rural communities (1600) on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada; 1192 of these were new drivers with restricted licenses. Self-report data were collected in anonymous questionnaires. Regression analyses were used to assess the independent and interacting effects of youth attitudes about substance use and their experiences of riding in cars with adults or peers who drove after drinking alcohol or smoking cannabis on youth driving. Findings: Youth driving risk behaviors were associated independently with their own high-risk attitudes and experiences riding with peers who drink alcohol or use cannabis and drive. However, risks were highest for the youth who also report more frequent experiences of riding with adults who drink alcohol or use cannabis and drive. Conclusions: Prevention efforts should be expanded to include the adults and peers who are role models for new drivers and to increase youths' awareness of their own responsibilities for their personal safety as passengers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

How to regulate cannabis: A practical guide. Author(s): Rolles, S., Murkin, G.
Document type: Book
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2013

How do Australian news media depict illicit drug issues? An analysis of print media reporting across and between illicit drugs, 2003–2008 Author(s): Hughes, C. E., Lancaster, K., Spicer, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: 22
Page numbers: 285-291
Keywords: cannabis media
Year Published: 2011

How cannabis causes paranoia: using the intravenous administration of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to identify key cognitive mechanisms leading to paranoia Author(s): Freeman, D., Dunn, G., Murray, R. M., Evans, N., Lister, R., Antley, A., … Morrison, P. D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

How Cannabis Causes Paranoia: Using the Intravenous Administration of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to Identify Key Cognitive Mechanisms Leading to Paranoia Author(s): Freeman, D. Dunn, G. Murray, R. M. Evans, N. Lister, R. Antley, A. Slater, M. Godlewska, B. Cornish, R. Williams, J. Di Simplicio, M. Igoumenou, A. Brenneisen, R. Tunbridge, E. M. Harrison, P. J. Harmer, C. J. Cowen, P. Morrison, P. D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

High-potency marijuana impairs executive function and inhibitory motor control Author(s): Ramaekers, J. G; Kauert, G.; van Ruitenbeek, P.; Theunissen, E.; Schneider, E.; Moeller, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 31
Page numbers: 2296-2303
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2006

Hospital separations for cannabis- and methamphetamine-related psychotic episodes in Australia Author(s): Degenhardt, L.; Roxburgh, A.; McKetin, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medical Journal of Australia
Volume: 186
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 342-345
Notes: Using Smart Source Parsing Apr 2
Keywords: cannabis other mental health issues
Year Published: 2007

High in the saddle : cannabis-affected driving Author(s): Noller, Geoff
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Matters of Substance
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 20-21
Notes: 1177-200X
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2008

Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil: analytical and phytochemical characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction Author(s): Montserrat-de la Paz, S., Marín-Aguilar, F., García-Giménez, M.D., Fernández-Arche, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Volume: 62
Page numbers: 1105-1110
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2014

Help seeking among a sample entering treatment for cannabis dependence Author(s): Copeland, J., Rees, V. & Swift, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian Family Physician
Volume: 28
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 540-541
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1999

Heavy cannabis users seeking treatment, prevalence of psychiatric disorders Author(s): Arendt, M. & Munk-Jorgensen, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 97 - 105
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

Heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, and concomitant use by adolescents are associated with unique and shared cognitive decrements Author(s): Winward JL, Hanson KL, Tapert SF and Brown SA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
Volume: 20
Page numbers: 784-795
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Health outcomes associated with long-term regular cannabis and tobacco smoking Author(s): Rooke, S., Norberg, M. M., Copeland, J., Swift, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 2207–2213
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Health outcomes associated with long-term regular cannabis and tobacco smoking Author(s): Rooke, S.E., Norberg, M.M., Copeland, J., & Swift, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 2207-2213
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2013

Hashish and driving behavior. An experimental study Author(s): Kielholz, P.; Goldberg, L.; Hobi, V.; Ladewig, D.; Reggiani, G.; Richter, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
Volume: 97
Issue: 20
Page numbers: 789-794
Notes: Kielholz P Goldberg L Hobi V Ladewig D Reggiani G Richter R German Germany, west Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0012-0472
Year Published: 1972

Guidelines for research on drugged driving: A good first step [Comment] Author(s): Voas, Robert B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 103
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 1269-1270
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Comments on an article by J. M. Walsh et al. (see record 2008-09834-003) which discusses guidelines for research on drugged driving. It is heartening to see the systematic approach to drugged driving embodied in the Guidelines for Research on Drugged Driving (GRDD) produced by the International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety's (ICADTS) Working Group on Drugs and Driving. The GRDD should help standardize research approaches to the study of this important problem. Equally significant is that the GRDD will provide a base for a living document that can grow over time as this rapidly developing field produces improved drug assay methods and as new policies and interventions are tested. To achieve this growth, a responsible group of experts from a broad range of countries meets periodically to update the GRDD. The guidelines in this issue provide a good foundation for the emerging research in drugged driving, but the need for expansion to cover new techniques and program evaluations is clear. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

Gut feelings about the endocannabinoid system Author(s): Di Marzo V, Piscitelli F
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neurogastroenterology and Motilily
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 391-398
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Guidelines for research on drugged driving Author(s): Walsh, J. Michael; Verstraete, Alain G; Huestis, Marilyn A; Morland, Jorg
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 103
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 1258-1268
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2008

Growing medicine: Small-scale cannabis cultivation for medical purposes in six different countries Author(s): Hakkarainen, P., Frank, V. A., Barratt, M. J., Dahl, H. V., Decorte, T., Karjalainen, K., Lenton, S., Potter, G., Werse, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, medical use, medicinal
Year Published: 2014

Greater white and grey matter changes associated with early cannabis use in adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) Author(s): James A, Hough M, James S, Winmill L, Burge L, Nijhawan S, Matthews PM, Zarei M
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 128
Issue: 41699
Page numbers: 91-97
Keywords: cannabis schizophrenia adolescents
Year Published: 2011

Genetic vs. pharmacological inactivation of COMT influences cannabinoid-induced expression of schizophrenia-related phenotypes Author(s): O'Tuathaigh, C.M., Clarke, G., Walsh, J., Desbonnet, L., Petit, E., O'Leary, C., Tighe, O., Clarke, N., Karayiorgou, M., Gogos, J.A., Dinan, T.G., Cryan, J.F., & Waddington, J.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 15
Page numbers: 1331-1342
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoid schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 Author(s): Degenhardt, L., Whiteford, H. A., Ferrari, A. J., Baxter, A. J., Charlson, F. J., Hall, W. D., Freedman, G., Burstein, R., Johns, N., Engell, R. E., Flaxman, A., Murray, C. J. L., Vos, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The Lancet
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

Gene-environment interplay between cannabis and psychosis - Schizophrenia Bulletin Author(s): Henquet, C.; Di Forti, M.; Morrison, P.; Kuepper, R.; Murray, R.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume: 34
Page numbers: 1111-1121
Keywords: psychosis cannabis
Year Published: 2008

General and oral health implications of cannabis use Author(s): Cho, C.M.; Hirsch, R.; Johnstone, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian Dental Journal
Volume: 50
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 70-74
Year Published: 2005

Gender differences in the relationship between religiosity and health-related behaviour among adolescents Author(s): Pitel, L., Madarasova Geckova, A., Kolarcik, P., Halama, P., Reijneveld, S.A., & van Dijk, J.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Volume: 6
Page numbers: 1122-1128
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Gender differences in health-related quality of life among cannabis users: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions Author(s): Lev-Ran S, Imtiaz S, Taylor BJ, Shield KD, Rehm J, Le Foll B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 123
Issue: 41699
Page numbers: 190-200
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Gender differences in the developmental risk of onset of alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana use and the effects of nicotine and marijuana use on alcohol outcomes Author(s): Buu A, Dabrowska A, Mygrants M, Puttler LI, Jester JM and Zucker RA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
Volume: 75
Page numbers: 850-858
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, comorbidity
Year Published: 2014

Functional interaction and cross-tolerance between ethanol and Delta9-THC: possible modulation by mouse cerebellar adenosinergic A1/GABAergic-A receptors Author(s): Dar MS.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Behavioural brain research
Volume: 270
Page numbers: 287-294
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2014

Gender differences in cannabis use disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions Author(s): Khan, S.S., Secades-Villa, R., Okuda, M., Wang, S., Pérez-Fuentes, G., Kerridge, B.T., & Blanco, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 130
Page numbers: 101-108
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, psychosis
Year Published: 2103

Functional connectivity in brain networks underlying cognitive control in chronic cannabis users Author(s): Harding IH, Solowij N, Harrison BJ, Takagi M, Lorenzetti V, Lubman DI, Seal ML, Pantelis C, Yücel M
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 37
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 1923-1933
Keywords: cannabis neurobiology
Year Published: 2012

Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a simple tool for detecting executive deficits in chronic cannabis users Author(s): Fontes, M.A., Bolla, K.I., Cunha, P.J., Almeida, P.P., Jungerman, F., Laranjeira, R.R., Bressan, R.A., & Lacerda, A.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 523-531
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2011

Frequent marijuana use is associated with greater nicotine addiction in adolescent smokers Author(s): Rubinstein ML, Rait MA and Prochaska JJ.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and alcohol dependence
Volume: 141
Page numbers: 159-162
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

First systematic evaluation of the potency of cannabis sativa plants grown in Albania Author(s): Bruci, Z., Papoutsis, I., Athanaselis, S., Nikolaou, P., Pazari, E., Spiliopoulou, C., & Vyshka, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 222
Page numbers: 40-46
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoid potency
Year Published: 2012

Flattened cortisol awakening response in chronic patients with schizophrenia onset after cannabis exposure Author(s): Monteleone, P., Filippo, C.D., Fabrazzo, M., Milano, W., Martiadis, V., Corrivetti, G., Monteleone, A.M., Maj, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatry Research
Volume: 215
Page numbers: 263-267
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Fidelity to Motivational Interviewing and subsequent cannabis cessation among adolescents Author(s): McCambridge, J., Day, M., Thomas, B.A., & Strang, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 749-754
Keywords: cannabis treatment motivation
Year Published: 2011

Feasibility and impact of brief interventions for frequent cannabis users in Canada Author(s): Fischer B, Dawe M, McGuire F, Shuper PA, Capler R, Bilsker D, Jones W, Taylor B, Rudzinski K, Rehm J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 44
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 132-138
Keywords: cannabis intervention
Year Published: 2012

Factors determining yield and quality of illicit indoor cannabis (cannabis spp.) production Author(s): Vanhove, W., Van Damme, P. & Meert, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 212
Page numbers: 158-163
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Factors associated with the timing and onset of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: Results from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being Author(s): Butterworth P, Slade T and Degenhardt L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 555-564
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Factors associated with variability and stability of cannabis use in young adulthood Author(s): Silins, E., Hutchinson, D., Swift, W., Slade, T., Toson, B., Rodgers, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescent
Year Published: 2013

Factors Associated With Receipt of Behavioural Health Services Among Persons With Substance Dependence Author(s): Green-Hennessy, Sharon
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatric Services
Volume: 53
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 1592-1598
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2002

Factors associated with the timing and onset of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: Results from the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being Author(s): Butterworth, P., Slade, T., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 555-564
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, psychosis, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Factors affecting the initiation of substance abuse treatment in managed care Author(s): Weisner, C.; Mertens, J.; Tam, T.; Moore, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 96
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 705-716
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2001

Exploratory study of the psychopathological profiles of adolescent cannabis users Author(s): Chabrol, H., Chauchard, E., Goutaudier, N., & van Leeuwen, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 1109-1113
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Exploration of the comorbidity of cannabis use disorders and mental health disorders among inpatients presenting to all hospitals in New South Wales, Australia Author(s): Lai, H.M. & Sitharthan, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 567-574
Keywords: cannabis mental health
Year Published: 2012

Experiences of marijuana-vaporizer users Author(s): Malouff, J. M., Rooke, S. E., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse
Volume: 35
Page numbers: 127-128
Keywords: cannabis
Year Published: 2014

Explaining associations between cannabis use disorders in adolescence and later major depression: A test of the psychosocial failure model Author(s): Marmorstein, N.R. & Iacono, W.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 773-776
Keywords: cannabis depression
Year Published: 2011

Experiences in relation to drugs/driving offences Author(s): McLinden, V.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Volume: 27
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 73-80
Notes: McLinden VJ England Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0015-7368
Year Published: 1987

Experiences of Australian school staff in addressing student cannabis use Author(s): Gates, P. J., Norberg, M. M., Dillon, P., Manocha, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Drug Education
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 121-139
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents
Year Published: 2013

Exercise increases plasma THC concentrations in regular cannabis users Author(s): Wong, A., Montebello, M. E., Norberg, M. M., Rooney, K., Lintzeris, N., Bruno, R., Booth, J., Arnold, J. C., McGregor, I. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, health, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Examining the effects of former cannabis use on cerebellum-dependent eyeblink conditioning in humans Author(s): Steinmetz AB, Edwards CR, Vollmer JM, Erickson MA, O'Donnell BF, Hetrick WP, Skosnik PD
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 221
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 133-141
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2012

Executive attention impairment in adolescents with schizophrenia who have used cannabis Author(s): Epstein KA and Kumra S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia research
Volume: 157
Page numbers: 48-54
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Evolution of the Content of THC and Other Major Cannabinoids in Drug-Type Cannabis Cuttings and Seedlings During Growth of Plants* Author(s): De Backer B, Maebe K, Verstraete AG, Charlier C
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic Sciences
Volume: 57
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 918-922
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Evidence Supporting Treatment: the effectiveness of interventions for illicit drug use Author(s): Gowing, L.; Proudfoot, H.; Henry-Edwards, S.; Teesson, M.; Australian National Council on Drugs; Australian National Council on Drugs
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2001

Evidence-based answers to cannabis questions: a review of the literature Author(s): Copeland, J.; Gerber, S.; Swift, W.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2004

Evaluating the impact of training health professionals to deliver brief motivational and skills-based interventions for cannabis use disorder Author(s): Alperstein, D., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Tropical Psychology
Volume: 2
Issue: 41760
Page numbers: e3443
Keywords: cannabis, training, brief intervention
Year Published: 2012

Evidence of increasing age of onset of cannabis use among younger Australians Author(s): Lenton S, Liang W, Chikritzhs T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 225-233
Keywords: cannabis adolescents age of onset
Year Published: 2012

Estimating the Demand for Treatment for Cannabis-related Problems in Canada Author(s): Rush, B.; Urbanoski, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 181-186
Notes: Uncorrected Proof
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2007

Ethanol, marijuana, and other drug use in 600 drivers killed in single-vehicle crashes in North Carolina, 1978-1981 Author(s): Mason, A.P.; McBay, A.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic Sciences
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 987-1026
Notes: Mason AP McBay AJ United states Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Although the use of ethanol, marijuana, and other drugs may be detrimental to driving safety, this has been established by direct epidemiological evidence only for ethanol. In this study, the incidences of detection of ethanol (and other volatile substances), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), barbiturates, cocaine and benzoylecgonine, opiates, and phencyclidine were determined in an inclusive population of 600 verified single-vehicle operator fatalities that occurred in North Carolina in 1978 to 1981. The incidence of detection of amphetamines and methaqualone were determined for drivers accepted for study during the first two years (n = 340) and the last year (n = 260), respectively. Blood concentrations of 11-nor-deta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (9-carboxy-THC) were determined in THC positive drivers. EMIT cannabinoid assays were performed on blood specimens from all drivers accepted for study during the third year, and the feasibility of using the EMIT cannabinoid assay as a screening method for cannabinoids in forensic blood specimens was investigated. The incidence of detection of ethanol (79.3%) was far greater than the incidences determined for THC (7.8%), methaqualone (6.2%), and barbiturates (3.0%). Other drugs were detected rarely, or were not detected. Blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) were usually high; 85.5% of the drivers whose bloods contained ethanol and 67.8% of all drivers had BECs greater than or equal to 1.0 g/L. Drug concentrations were usually within or were below accepted therapeutic or active ranges. Only a small number of drivers could have been impaired by drugs, and most of them had high BECs. Multiple drug use (discounting ethanol) was comparatively rare. Ethanol was the only drug tested for that appears to have a significantly adverse effect on driving safety.
ISBN: 0022-1198
Year Published: 1984

Evaluating the impact of training health professionals to deliver brief motivational and skills-based interventions for cannabis use disorder Author(s): Alperstein, D. & Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Tropical Psychology
Volume: 2
Keywords: Cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2012

Estimating equivalent cut-off thresholds for drugs in blood and oral fluid using prevalence regression: A study of tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamine. Author(s): Gjerde, H. & Verstraete, A.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 212
Page numbers: e26-30
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Equity of access to treatment, and barriers to treatment for illicit drug use in Australia Author(s): Digiusto, E.; Treloar, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 102
Page numbers: 958-969
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls Author(s): Lynskey, M.T., Heath, A.C., & Bucholz, K.K. et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: JAMA
Volume: 289
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 427-433
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2003

Epidemiology of adolescent Salvia Divinorum use in Canada Author(s): Currie, C.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 128
Page numbers: 166-170
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2013

Endocannabinoids in nervous system health and disease: the big picture in a nutshell Author(s): Skaper SD, Di Marzo V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
Volume: 367
Page numbers: 3193-3200
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Epidemiologic review of marijuana use and cancer risk Author(s): Hashibe, M.; Straif, K.; Tashkin, D.P.; Morgenstern, H.; Greenland, S.; Zhang, Z-F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Alcohol
Volume: 35
Page numbers: 265-275
Year Published: 2005

Endocannabinoids and exercise Author(s): Dietrich, A. & McDaniel, W.F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 536-541
Keywords: neurobiology cannabis
Year Published: 2004

Endocannabinoid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia Author(s): Volk, D.W., Siegel, B.I., Verrico, C.D., & Lewis, D.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 53-57
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, schizophrenia, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Endocannabinoid system: Potential novel targets for treatment of schizophrenia Author(s): Saito, A., Ballinger, M.D., Pletnikov, M.V., Wong, D.F., & Kamiya, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neurobiology of Disease
Volume: 53
Page numbers: 43009
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, schizophrenia, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Emotional processing deficits in chronic cannabis use: a replication and extension Author(s): Hindocha, C., Wollenberg, O., Carter Leno, V., Alvarez, B. O., Curran, H. V., & Freeman, T. P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychopharmacology
Volume: 28
Page numbers: 466-471
Keywords: cannabis, cognition
Year Published: 2014

Emerging patterns of cannabis and other substance use in Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory: a study of two communities Author(s): Clough, A.R.; D'Abbs, P.; Cairney, S.; Gray, D.; Maruff, P.; Parker, R.; O'Reilly, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 381-390
Year Published: 2004

Emerging targets for drug addiction treatment Author(s): Swift, W., Copeland, J.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 87-103
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Elevated homocysteine level in first-episode schizophrenia patients--the relevance of family history of schizophrenia and lifetime diagnosis of cannabis abuse Author(s): Misiak B, Frydecka D, Slezak R, Piotrowski P and Kiejna A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Metabolic brain disease
Volume: 29
Page numbers: 661-670
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, measurement
Year Published: 2014

Effects of THC on driving performance, physiological state and subjective feelings relative to alcohol Author(s): Ronen, Adi; Gershon, Pnina; Drobiner, Hanan; Rabinovich, Alex; Bar-Hamburger, Rachel; Mechoulam, Raphael; Cassuto, Yair; Shinar, David
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 926-934
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Background: The effects of marijuana or THC on driving has been tested in several studies, but usually not in conjunction with physiological and subjective responses and not in comparison to alcohol effects on all three types of measures. Objective: To assess the effects of two dosages of THC relative to alcohol on driving performance, physiological strain, and subjective feelings. Method: We tested the subjective feelings and driving abilities after placebo, smoking two dosages of THC (13mg and 17mg), drinking (0.05% BAC) and 24h after smoking the high dose THC cigarette, while monitoring physiological activity of the drugs by heart rate. Fourteen healthy students, all recreational marijuana users, participated in the study. Results: Both levels of THC cigarettes significantly affected the subjects in a dose-dependent manner. The moderate dose of alcohol and the low THC dose were equally detrimental to some of the driving abilities, with some differences between the two drugs. THC primarily caused elevation in physical effort and physical discomfort during the drive while alcohol tended to affect sleepiness level. After THC administration, subjects drove significantly slower than in the control condition, while after alcohol ingestion, subjects drove significantly faster than in the control condition. No THC effects were observed after 24h on any of the measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

Effects on sleep and dopamine levels of microdialysis perfusion of cannabidiol into the lateral hypothalamus of rats Author(s): Murillo-RodrÃguez E, Palomero-Rivero M, MillÃ¡n-Aldaco D, Mechoulam R, Drucker-ColÃn R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Life Sciences
Volume: 88
Page numbers: 504-511
Keywords: Cannabis Animal Study
Year Published: 2011

Effects of readiness for drug abuse treatment on client retention and assessment of process Author(s): Joe, G.W.; Simpson, D.; Broome, K.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 93
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 1177-1190
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 1998

Effects of repeated exposure to a graphic smoking warning image Author(s): Rooke, S., Malouff, J., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current Psychology
Volume: 31
Page numbers: 282-290
Keywords: cannabis health prevention
Year Published: 2012

Effects of MDMA (ecstasy), and multiple drugs use on (simulated) driving performance and traffic safety Author(s): Brookhuis, Karel A.; de Waard, Dick; Samyn, Nele
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 173
Issue: 41732
Page numbers: 440-445
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Rationale: The effects of MDMA on driving behaviour are not clear, since the direct effects of MDMA on cognitive performance are reported as not generally negative. Objectives: To assess in an advanced driving simulator acute effects on simulated driving behaviour and heart rate of MDMA, and effects of polydrug use. Methods: A group of young participants who had indicated that they regularly used MDMA were asked to complete test rides in an advanced driving simulator, shortly after the use of MDMA, just before going to a party. They were tested again after having visited the "rave", while they were under the influence of MDMA and a number of different other active drugs. Participants were also tested sober, at a comparable time at night. Separately, a control group of participants was included in the experiment. Results: Driving performance in the sense of lateral and longitudinal vehicle control was not greatly affected after MDMA, but deteriorated after multiple drug use. The most striking result was the apparent decreased sense for risk taking, both after MDMA and after multiple drug use. This was clear from gap acceptance data, while the ultimate indicator of unsafe driving, accident involvement or even causation, was increased by 100% and 150%, respectively. Conclusions:... (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0033-3158 1432-2072
Language : English
Year Published: 2004

Effects of oral cannabis and dronabinol on driving capacity Author(s): Giroud, C.; Augsburger, M.; Favrat, B.; Menetrey, A.; Pin, M. A.; Rothuizen, L. E.; Appenzeller, M.; Buclin, T.; Mathieu, S.; Castella, V.; Hazekamp, A.; Mangin, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
Volume: 64
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 161-172
Notes: Giroud C Augsburger M Favrat B Menetrey A Pin MA Rothuizen LE Appenzeller M Buclin T Mathieu S Castella V Hazekamp A Mangin P French France English Abstract Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Two retrospective epidemiologic studies have shown that cannabis is the main psychoactive substance detected in the blood of drivers suspected of driving under the influence of psychotropic drugs. An oral administration double-blind crossover study was carried out with eight healthy male subjects, aged 22 to 30 years, all occasional cannabis smokers. Three treatments and one placebo were administered to all participants at a two week interval: 20 mg dronabinol, 16.5 mg D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 45.7 mg THC as a cannabis milk decoction. Participants were asked to report the subjective drug effects and their willingness to drive under various circumstances on a visual analog scale. Clinical observations, a psychomotor test and a tracking test on a driving simulator were also carried out. Compared to cannabis smoking, THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH blood concentrations remained low through the whole study ( ISBN: 0003-4509
Year Published: 2006

Effects of drugs and alcohol on psychomotor skills related to driving Author(s): Linnoila, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annals of Clinical Research
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 43282
Notes: Journal Peer-Reviewed Status-Unknown
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Uses results of research from the literature to discuss the human information-processing system with respect to monitoring and processing data acquired and used during driving. Factors influencing this information processing and methods used to study extra-risk factors for traffic are outlined, with specific reference to the effects of alcohol, cannabis, neuroleptic and antianxiety agents, hypnotics, anesthetics, antihistamines, anticholinergics, analgesics, and stimulants, as well as the effects of drugs and alcohol in combination. Further and more sophisticated studies are urged, especially of dose-response relationships and of the correlations between psychomotor effects of drugs and their main metabolites' plasma concentrations. (126 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0003-4762
Language : English
Year Published: 1974

Effects of intracisternal administration of cannabidiol on the cardiovascular and behavioral responses to acute restraint stress Author(s): Granjeiro, E.M., Gomes, F.V., Guimarães, F.S., Corrêa, F.M., & Resstel, L.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior
Volume: 99
Page numbers: 743-748
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids physical health
Year Published: 2011

Effects of cannabis use status on cognitive function, in males with schizophrenia Author(s): Rabin, R.A., Zakzanis, K.K., Daskalakis, Z.J., & George, T.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatry Research
Volume: 206
Page numbers: 158-165
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

Effects of drug misuse in traffic Author(s): Hauck, G.; Spann, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Offentliche Gesundheitswesen
Volume: 33
Issue: 9
Page numbers: 555-558
Notes: Hauck G Spann W German Germany, west Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0029-8573
Year Published: 1971

Effects of cannabis use on age at onset in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Author(s): De Hert M, Wampers M, Jendricko T, Franic T, Vidovic D, De Vriendt N, Sweers K, Peuskens J, van Winkel R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 126
Page numbers: 270-276
Keywords: Cannabis schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

Effects of cannabis use on outcomes of psychotic disorders: Systematic review - The British Journal of Psychiatry Author(s): Zammit, S.; Moore, T.H.; Lingford-Hughes, A.; Barnes, T.R.; Jones, P.B.; Burke, M.; Lewis, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 193
Page numbers: 357-363
Keywords: psychosis cannabis
Year Published: 2008

Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes Author(s): De Petrocellis, L., Ligresti, A., Moriello, A.S., Allarà, M., Bisogno, T., Petrosino, S., Stott, C.G., & Di Marzo, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
Volume: 163
Page numbers: 1479-1494
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Effects of cannabis and alcohol on automobile driving and psychomotor tracking Author(s): Hansteen, R. W.; Miller, R. D.; Lonero, L.; Reid, L. D.; Jones, B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Volume: 282
Page numbers: 240-256
Notes: Hansteen RW Miller RD Lonero L Reid LD Jones B United states Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0077-8923
Year Published: 1976

Effectiveness of motivational interviewing interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change: a meta-analytic review Author(s): Jensen, C. D., Cushing, C. C., Aylward, B. S., Craig, J. T., Sorell, D. M., Steele, R. G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 79
Page numbers: 433-440
Keywords: cannabsi intervention motivational interviewing
Year Published: 2011

Effectiveness of a self-guided web-based cannabis treatment program: randomized controlled trial Author(s): Rooke, S., Copeland, J., Norberg, M., Hine, D., McCambridge, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Volume: 15
Issue: e26
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, internet
Year Published: 2013

Effectiveness of A-CRA/ACC in treating adolescents with cannabis-use disorders Author(s): McGarvey, E.L., Leon-Verdin, M., Bloomfield, K., Wood, S., Winters, E., Smith, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Community Mental Health Journal
Volume: 50
Page numbers: 150-157
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, dependence, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Effect of long-term cannabis use on axonal fibre connectivity Author(s): Zalesky A, Solowij N, Yücel M, Lubman DI, Takagi M, Harding IH, Lorenzetti V, Wang R, Searle K, Pantelis C, Seal M
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Brain: A Journal of Neurology
Volume: 135
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 2245-2255
Keywords: cannabis neurobiology
Year Published: 2012

Effect of reclassification of cannabis on hospital admissions for cannabis psychosis: A time series analysis Author(s): Hamilton, I., Lloyd, C., Hewitt, C., Godfrey, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advanced online publication
Year Published: 2013

Effect of cannabis on driving Author(s): Mendleson, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medical Journal of Australia
Volume: 1
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 391-392
Notes: Mendleson G Australia Letter
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0025-729X
Year Published: 1978

Effect of cannabis use on cognitive functions and driving ability Author(s): Kurzthaler, Ilse; Hummer, Martina; Miller, Carl; Sperner-Unterweger, Barbara; Gunther, Verena; Wechdorn, Heinrich; Battista, Hans-Jurgen; Fleischhacker, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Volume: 60
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 395-399
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind study including 60 healthy volunteers (a negative urine drug screening test was prerequisite). On the 1st day, baseline data were obtained from a physical examination and a psychological test battery for the investigation of visual and verbal memory as well as cognitive perceptual performance. On the 2nd day, Ss received a regular cigarette or one containing 290 mu g/kg body weight of tetrahydrocannabinol. Physical and psychological assessments were performed immediately (15 min) after Ss smoked their cigarettes. 24 hrs later, physical and psychological examinations were repeated. Results suggest that perceptual motor speed and accuracy, 2 very important parameters of driving ability, seem to be impaired immediately after cannabis consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0160-6689
Language : English
Year Published: 1999

Effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on behavioral despair and on pre- and postsynaptic serotonergic transmission Author(s): Bambico FR, Hattan PR, Garant JP, Gobbi G
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 88-96
Keywords: cannabis neurobiology
Year Published: 2012

Ecological momentary assessment in alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and opiate dependence: A comparison of feasibility and validity Author(s): Serre, F., Fatseas, M., Debrabant, R., Alexandre, J-M., Auriacombe, M., Swendsen, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advance online publication
Year Published: 2012

Early cannabis use and DSM-IV nicotine dependence: A twin study Author(s): Agrawal, A.; Lynskey, M.T.; Pergadia, M.L.; Bucholz, K.K.; Heath, A.C.; Martin, N.G.; Madden, P.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 103
Page numbers: 1896-1904
Keywords: cannabis tobacco gateway arguments
Year Published: 2008

Early-onsetcannabis use and cognitivedeficits: what is the nature of the association? Author(s): Harrison G Pope Jr, Amanda J Gruber, James I Hudson, Geoffrey Cohane, Marilyn A Huestis, Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 69
Page numbers: 303-310
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2003

Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety Author(s): Ramaekers, J.G.; Berghaus, G.; van Laar, M.W.; Drummer, O.H.; Verster, J.C.; Verster, J.C.; Pandi-Perumal, S.R.; Ramaekers, J.G.; de Gier, J.J.
Document type: Book
Page numbers: 477-499
Notes: Anonymous Australia Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0025-729X
Year Published: 2009

Drunk versus drugged: How different are the drivers? Author(s): Maxwell, J.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 121
Page numbers: 68-72
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2012

Dynamic changes of the endogenous cannabinoid and opioid mesocorticolimbic systems during adolescence: THC effects - European Neuropsychopharmacology Author(s): Ellgren, M., Artmann, A., Tkalych, O., Gupta, A., Hansen, H.S., Hansen, S.H., Devi, L.A., & Hurd, Y.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 18
Page numbers: 826-834
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2008

Drugs of abuse found in fatally injured drivers in Los Angeles County Author(s): Budd, Robert D.; Muto, Joseph J.; Wong, Jackson K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 153-158
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Blood or urine specimens from fatally injured drivers in 2 Los Angeles County studies were analyzed for the presence of alcohol and other drugs of abuse, including phencyclidine (PCP), cocaine, opiates, and marihuana. Results of a preliminary study indicate that 65 of 102 Ss had used alcohol and/or other drugs; 34 Ss had used only alcohol. A follow-up study with 492 Ss indicated a continued high level of both alcohol and marihuana use, with moderate cocaine use and low levels of barbiturate and PCP use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0376-8716
Language : English
Year Published: 1989

Drugs, alcohol and driving Author(s): Seppala, T.; Linnoila, M.; Mattila, M. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 389-408
Notes: Seppala T Linnoila M Mattila MJ Review Switzerland Journal Article Review
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Driving a car is a complex psychomotor and perceptual task which is subject to impairment by many factors. Several workers have studied the potential effects of drugs and alchol in crash production by epidemiological and laboratory studies. Both types of studies have yielded useful data but their limitations must be borne in mind when applying the results in pratice. Alcohol is obviously the most common single cause of traffic accidents. A progessively increased risk with increasing blood alcohol levels is well documented; fatigue and/or drugs increase this risk. Drugs are related much more infrequently to traffic accidents although on the basis of statistics, there is a potential risk with drug use. However, drugs alone are not as important as alcohol. The most significant drugs as regards driving risk are obviously certain antianxiety agents, hypnotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, marihuana, lithium and narcotic analgesics, as well as ganglionic blocking agents, insulin and sulphonylurea derivates. Patients should not drive after taking these drug until they are objectively fully alert and capable. Anticholinergics, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, phenybutazone, indomethacin, alpha-methyldopa, and beta-blockers may in some cases cause central side effects (e.g. drowsiness) strong enough to affect driving performance. After starting therapy with these drugs, or after a significant change in dose, driving should be avoided until it is known that unwanted effects do not occur. Psychotropic drugs may enhance the deleterious effect of alcohol, and with most hypnotics there is still an effect the next morning. Some drugs (e.g. anticonvulsants or antiparkinsonian drugs) may make driving safer, but the disease (epilepsy, Parkinsonism, cardiovascular diseases, psychic disorders, etc.) ofter precludes driving. Clinicians should warn their patients about an impairment of driving skills if this is likely to occur due to the drug or the illness concerned. [References: 175]
ISBN: 0012-6667
Year Published: 1979

Drugs in drivers killed in Australian road traffic accidents: the use of responsibility analysis to investigate the contribution of drugs to fatal accidents Author(s): Drummer, O.H.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1994

Drugs in fatally injured young male drivers Author(s): Williams, A. F.; Peat, M. A.; Crouch, D. J.; Wells, J. K.; Finkle, B. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Public Health Reports
Volume: 100
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 19-25
Notes: Williams AF Peat MA Crouch DJ Wells JK Finkle BS United states Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: One or more drugs were detected in 81 percent of 440 male drivers, aged 15-34, killed in motor vehicle crashes in California; two or more drugs were detected in 43 percent. Alcohol, the most frequently found drug, was detected in 70 percent of the drivers, marijuana in 37 percent, and cocaine in 11 percent. Each of 24 other drugs was detected in fewer than 5 percent. Except for alcohol, drugs were infrequently found alone; typically, they were found in combination with high blood alcohol concentrations. The causal role of drugs in crashes was assessed by comparing drivers with and without drugs in terms of their responsibility for the crash. Alcohol was associated with increased crash responsibility; the role of other drugs could not be adequately determined.
ISBN: 0033-3549
Year Published: 1985

Drugs in Australia 2010: tobacco, alcohol and other drugs Author(s): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Drugs and highway crashes. Can we separate fact from fancy? Author(s): Waller, J. A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the American Medical Association
Volume: 215
Issue: 9
Page numbers: 1477-1482
Notes: Waller JA United states Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0098-7484
Year Published: 1971

Drugs and driving: European Legal Database on Drugs Author(s): European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction,
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

Drugs and driving: from RBT to RDT Author(s): McDonald, David
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Of Substance
Volume: 3
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 22-23
Notes: 1449-0021
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2005

Drugs and driving: dangerous youth or anxious adults? Author(s): Bollinger, Lorenz; Quensel, Stephan
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Drug Issues
Volume: 32
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 553-566
Notes: 0022-0426
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2002

Drugs and driving: EMCDDA 2007 selected issue Author(s): European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction,
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2007

Drugs and driving [comment] Author(s): Walsh, J. Michael; de Gier, Johan J.; Christopherson, Asbjorg S.; Verstraete, Alain G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Traffic Injury Prevention
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 241-253
Notes: Walsh JM de Gier JJ Christopherson AS Verstraete AG Review Comment in: Traffic Inj Prev. 2005 Jun;6(2):197; author reply 197; PMID: 16019407 United States Journal Article Review
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The authors present a global overview on the issue of drugs and driving covering four major areas: (1) Epidemiology and Prevalence--which reviews epidemiological research, summarizes available information, discusses the methodological shortcomings of extant studies, and makes recommendations for future research to better define prevalence and epidemiology; (2) Effects of Medicinal and Illegal Drugs on Driving Performance--focuses on the six classes of drugs most often found in impaired and injured drivers, draws conclusions regarding the risk of these drugs to traffic safety and discusses the need for additional research; (3) Toxicological Issues--discusses ways to identify drug users via behavioral testing and analytical techniques, reviews the approaches used by different countries, screening and confirmation techniques, alternative specimens (e.g., urine, oral fluid, sweat), and how rapid roadside testing could be coupled with behavioral and laboratory testing in an effective approach to identifying and prosecuting drugged drivers; (4) Driving Under the Influence of Drugs [DUID] Laws--provides an overview of DUID laws in the United States and Europe, discusses the basic tenets of these laws, the various types of DUID statutes, the reasons why many existing laws hinder the prosecution of drugged drivers and the rationale for developing per se legislation as a strategy to more effectively manage the drugged driver problem. [References: 68]
ISBN: 1538-9588
Year Published: 2004

Drugs and driving in Australia: A survey of community attitudes, experience and understanding Author(s): Mallick, J; Johnston, J; Goren, N; Kennedy, V.
Document type: Book
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2007

Drugs and alcohol among suspected impaired drivers in Canton de Vaud (Switzerland) Author(s): Augsburger, M.; Rivier, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 85
Page numbers: 95-104
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1997

Drugs and Driving : random roadside saliva testing for illicit drugs Author(s): State Government of Victoria,
Document type: Web Page
Notes: 2 p. VF 2005-199
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2004

Drugged driving, a review based on the experience in Norway Author(s): Christophersen, A. S.; Morland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 47
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 125-135
Notes: 0376-8716
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1997

Drug use by truck drivers in Brazil Author(s): Silva, Ovandir Alves; Greve, Julia M. D.; Yonamine, Mauricio; Leyton, Vilma
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs : Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 135-139
Notes: 0968-7637
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

Drug use, impaired driving and traffic accidents. EMCDDA Insights Series No 8 Author(s): European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction,
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2008

Drug use among police detainees Author(s): Makkai, Toni; Fitzgerald, Jacqueline; Doak, Peter
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Crime and Justice Bulletin
Volume: 49
Page numbers: 41852
Notes: 1030-1046
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2000

Drug usage, personality, attitudinal, and behavioral correlates of driving behavior Author(s): Jamison, Kay; McGlothlin, William H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied
Volume: 83
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 123-130
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: As part of a larger follow-up study of Ss given LSD in 1955-1961, 164 Ss were divided into 4 groups on the basis of their driving records: no accidents or moving violations, 2 or more violations, 1 or more accidents, and no accidents. Biographical and drug information were obtained, and Ss were given a battery of personality and attitudinal tests, e.g., the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The less safe drivers (a) scored significantly higher on the SSS; (b) were more likely to have experimented with drugs (e.g., marihuana, hashish, amphetamines, and LSD); (c) attended religious services less often; and (d) were less likely to own their residences. There were also differences in political attitudes and life-style preferences among the groups. (21 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0022-3980
Language : English
Year Published: 1973

Drug Policy Governance in the UK: Lessons from changes to and debates concerning the classification of cannabis under the 1971 Misuse of Drugs Act Author(s): Monaghan M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The International journal on drug policy
Volume: 25
Page numbers: 1025-1030
Year Published: 2014

Drug driving in Scotland: Prevalence and correlates amongst drug users entering treatment Author(s): Neale, Joanne
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 27-35
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Despite an extensive drug-driving literature, knowledge of drug driving by drug users in treatment has not been well researched. This paper has two aims. Firstly, it investigates the prevalence of drug driving amongst new treatment clients in Scotland. Secondly, it examines the correlates of drug-driving behaviour amongst this population in order to clarify whether, and if so how, problem drug users entering treatment who drug drive differ from their non-drug-driving counterparts. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire administered to 585 new drug treatment clients. Analyses involved univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Ninety-five respondents had drug driven in the last 90 days and 52 had ever been arrested for drug driving. Being male; seeking help from a residential agency; not being a recent injector; having a formal qualification were independently predictive of recent drug driving. Being male and a recent cocaine/crack user were independently predictive of having been arrested for drug driving. Findings provide important information on drug driving amongst problem drug users entering treatment, indicate strategies for targeting those most at risk, and highlight a need for further research into this little understood area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0955-3959
Language : English
Year Published: 2004

Drug findings in "driving under the influence of drugs" cases: A problem of illicit drug use Author(s): Poklis, Alphonse; Maginn, Diane; Barr, Judith L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 57-62
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Examined drug findings in 137 drug positive cases of persons driving under the influence of drugs. 32 different drugs were detected (e.g., phencyclidine, marihuana, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opium, cocaine). Most multiple drug cases involved popular illicit drug mixtures, such as cocaine and morphine or phencyclidine on marihuana. 81% of the Ss were impaired as the result of deliberate self-intoxication with illicit or controlled substances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0376-8716
Language : English
Year Published: 1987

Drug Driving from a User's Perspective Author(s): Davey, J.; Davies, A.; French, N.; Williams, C.; Lang, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 61-70
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The bulk of research into drug driving in Australia has been undertaken from a road safety orientation where drug driving is viewed within the broader context of road safety and driver behaviour. Such a specific focus precludes the broader behavioural, contextual and cultural issues associated with substance use. This study aimed to address this issue by focusing on drug driving behaviour within the context of illicit substance use. A series of focused interviews were conducted with 211 illicit drug users from urban and regional centres. A consistent theme identified in the interviews was that drug driving was not necessarily viewed as risky behaviour but rather as an outcome of illicit substance use. Further, some interviewees saw their drug use as enhancing their driving skills and frequently the motor vehicle was viewed as a safe place to use. Overall there was agreement among interviewees that the likelihood of being apprehended for drug driving by police was minimal; this perception was reinforced by past experience. The lack of concern for detection of drug driving behaviour suggests that research should continue into the development and implementation of enforcement programs and roadside detection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0968-7637 1465-3370
Language : English
Year Published: 2005

Drug driving among police detainees in three states of Australia Author(s): Poyser, Carmel; Makkai, Toni; Norman, Louise; Mills, Leesa
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2002

Drug driving among police detainees in Australia Author(s): Adams, Kerryn; Smith, Lance; Hind, Natalie
Document type: Government Document
Page numbers: 41791
Notes: 0817-8542
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2008

Drug and alcohol-impaired driving among electronic music dance event attendees. [Short Communication] Author(s): Furr-Holden, Debra; Voas, Robert B.; Kelley-Baker, Tara; Miller, Brenda A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 85
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 83-86
Notes: 0376-8716
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2006

Drug driving among injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia: prevalence, risk factors and risk perceptions Author(s): Darke, Shane; Kelly, Erin; Ross, Joanne
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 99
Page numbers: 175-185
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2004

Driving under the influence of cannabis: Pitfalls, validation, and quality control of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of Tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid collected with StatSure, Quantisal, or Certus collector Author(s): Wille, S.M., Di Fazio, V., Ramírez-Fernandez Mdel, M., Kummer, N., & Samyn, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Volume: 35
Page numbers: 101-111
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2013

Dronabinol for the treatment of cannabis dependence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Author(s): Levin, F.R., Mariani, J.J., Brooks, D.J., Pavlicova, M., Cheng, W., & Nunes, E.V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 116
Page numbers: 86-92
Keywords: cannabis treatment dronabinol
Year Published: 2011

Driving under the influence of cannabis: A 10-year study of age and gender differences in the concentrations of tetrahydrocannabinol in blood Author(s): Jones, Alan W.; Holmgren, Anita; Kugelberg, Fredrik C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 103
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 452-461
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Background: Delta -sup-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major psychoactive constituent of cannabis and its various preparations. Increasing use of cannabis for recreational purposes has created a problem for road-traffic safety. This paper compares age, gender and the concentrations of THC in blood of individuals apprehended for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Sweden, where a zero-tolerance law operates. Measurements: Specimens of blood or urine were subjected to a broad screening analysis by enzyme immunoassay methods. THC positives were verified by analysis of blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a deuterium-labelled internal standard (d-sub-3-THC). All toxicology results were entered into a database (TOXBASE) along with the age and gender of apprehended drivers. Findings: Over a 10-year period (1995-2004), between 18% and 30% of all DUID suspects had measurable amounts of THC in their blood (> 0.3 ng/ml) either alone or together with other drugs. The mean age [ standard deviation (SD)] of cannabis users was 33 9.4 years (range 15-66 years), with a strong predominance of men (94%, P 0.05). THC concentrations in blood were higher when this was the only psychoactive substance present (n = 1276); mean 3.6 ng/ml, median 2.0 ng/ml compared with multi-drug users; mean 1.8 ng/ml, median 1.0 ng/ml (P ISBN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

Driving under the influence of cannabis in a New South Wales rural area Author(s): Jones, Craig; Freeman, Karen; Weatherburn, Don
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Crime and Justice Bulletin
Volume: 75
Page numbers: 41791
Notes: 1030-1046
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

Driving under the influence of cannabis : the problem and potential countermeasures Author(s): Jones, Craig; Donnelly, Neil; Swift, Wendy; Weatherburn, Don
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Crime and Justice Bulletin
Volume: 87
Page numbers: 42370
Notes: 1030-1046
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2005

Driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs in the Netherlands 1995-1998 in view of the German and Belgian legislation Author(s): Smink, B. E.; Ruiter, B; Lusthof, K. J.; Zweipfenning, PGM
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 120
Page numbers: 195-203
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2001

Driving and the combined use of drugs and alcohol in the Netherlands Author(s): Neuteboom, W; Zweipfenning, PGM
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 25
Page numbers: 93-104
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1984

Driving Behavior of Alcohol, Cannabis, and Cocaine Abuse Treatment Clients and Population Controls Author(s): Macdonald, Scott; DeSouza, Amanda; Mann, Robert; Chipman, Mary
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 30
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 429-444
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Background/Introduction: A paucity of research exists on driving after use of cannabis or cocaine among clients in substance abuse treatment and changes in this behavior after treatment. Objectives: The objectives of this research are to compare treatment clients and population controls before and after treatment in terms of: 1) amount of driving; 2) alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine consumption; 3) driving after use of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine; and 4) driving infractions. Method: Telephone interviews were conducted with a sample of 110 clients who received treatment in 1995 for a primary problem of alcohol (n = 44), cannabis (n = 37), or cocaine (n = 29) abuse. A random sample of 104 drivers from the general population, frequency matched by age and sex was also interviewed. Participants were asked to describe their driving habits and driving infractions before and after 1995. Results: Both treatment and control groups reported about the same amount of driving. The treatment group reported significantly more consumption of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine than did the control group before treatment. Significant declines in use for each substance were found for the treatment group after treatment, but use for the control group remained stable over the two time periods. Similarly significant declines in driving after use of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine were found for the treatment group but the control group remained stable. Finally driving infractions, including speeding tickets, collisions, and license suspensions, significantly declined for the treatment group but not the control group. Discussion: The results confirm that before treatment, the treatment subjects drove more frequently after consuming alcohol, cannabis, or cocaine than the control group. Declines in substance use and driving after treatment were accompanied by reductions in some types of driving infractions. Differences between groups, and over time in terms of driving while under the influence of psychoactive substances better explain the results than differences between groups in impulsivity/risk-taking or sleep problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0095-2990 1097-9891
Language : English
Year Published: 2004

Driving on recreational drugs: a qualitative investigation of experiences from behind the wheel Author(s): Neale, Joanne
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs : Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 315-325
Notes: 0968-7637
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2001

Driving after use of alcohol and marijuana in college students Author(s): McCarthy, Denis M.; Lynch, Andrea M.; Pederson, Sarah L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 425-430
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Driving after use of marijuana is almost as common as driving after use of alcohol in youth (P. M. O'Malley & L. D. Johnston, 2003). The authors compared college students' attitudes, normative beliefs and perceived negative consequences of driving after use of either alcohol or marijuana and tested these cognitive factors as risk factors for substance-related driving. Results indicated that youth perceived driving after marijuana use as more acceptable to peers and the negative consequences as less likely than driving after alcohol use, even after controlling for substance use. Results of zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses indicated that lower perceived dangerousness and greater perceived peer acceptance were associated with increased engagement in, and frequency of, driving after use of either substance. Lower perceived likelihood of negative consequences was associated with increased frequency for those who engage in substance-related driving. These results provide a basis for comparing how youth perceive driving after use of alcohol and marijuana, as well as similarities in the risk factors for driving after use of these substances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0893-164X 1939-1501
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Driving and substance misuse [Comment] Author(s): Kirk, Gill; Raistrick, Duncan; Trigwell, Peter
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatric Bulletin
Volume: 25
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 452
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Comments on the article by T. Bradbeer et al (see record 2001-07825-004) which discussed driving habits and sttitudes about substance abuse and driving. The current authors agree with Bradbeer et al that imparting information to patients about DVLA fitness to drive regulations is important. They also agree that "the regularly demonstrated poor retention of information following clinical interviews" may be particularly important if a clinician was ever challenged to demonstrate that he or she had informed the patient but had not documented this formally. In addition, however, the authors feel that it is important to point out to patients the insurance implications of their substance misuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0955-6036 1472-1473
Language : English
Year Published: 2001

Drivers who use illicit drugs: behaviour and perceived risks Author(s): Aitken, C.; Kerger, M.; Crofts, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 39-50
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2000

Driving ability, substance abuse and dependence Author(s): Brunnauer, Alexander; Obermaier, Franz; Laux, Gerd
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Sucht: Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaft und Praxis
Volume: 50
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 187-195
Notes: German [References Fahrtauglichkeit bei Substanzmissbrauch und Abhangigkeit Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Aim: Based on the German guidelines for road and traffic safety (6-super(th) edition) aspects of abuse and dependence of alcohol, illicit drugs and psychotropic drugs not classified as illicit are discussed with implications for clinical routine practice. Results/Conclusions: Assessment of driving ability is to be made against the background of the underlying clinical disorder as well as objective performance tests. Driving ability of alcohol- as well as drug dependents is not given until they have attained a stable abstinence. Under certain conditions consumption of cannabis or substitution can be considered as an exception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0939-5911
Language : German
Year Published: 2004

Drinking, cannabis use and driving among Ontario students Author(s): Adlaf, Edward M.; Mann, Robert E.; Paglia, Angela
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Canadian Medical Association Journal
Volume: 168
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 565-566
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Little is known about the risk of injury among adolescents who drive after the use of alcohol or cannabis or ride in cars driven by drunk drivers. We examined data from self-administered interviews with 1,846 students in grades 7 to 13 who participated in the 2001 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey about their experiences related to alcohol, cannabis and driving during the 12 months preceding the survey. In all, 31.9% of the students reported being a passenger in a car driven by a drunk driver; of the students in grades 10 to 13 who had a driver's licence, 15.1% reported driving within an hour after consuming 2 or more drinks, and 19.7% reported driving within an hour after using cannabis. Our study shows that a sizeable proportion of adolescents are exposed to alcohol- and drug-related driving risks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0820-3946 1488-2329
Language : English
Year Published: 2003

Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use Author(s): Ramaekers, J.; Berghaus, G.; van Laar, M.; Drummer, O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 73
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 109-119
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The role of Delta -sup-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in driver impairment and motor vehicle crashes has traditionally been established in experimental and epidemiological studies. The degree of performance impairment observed in experimental studies after doses up to 300 mu g/kg THC were equivalent to the impairing effect of an alcohol dose producing a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) >= 0.05 g/dl, the legal limit for driving under the influence in most European countries. Higher doses of THC, i.e. >300 mu g/kg THC have not been systematically studied but can be predicted to produce even larger impairment. Highly automated behaviors, such as road tracking control, were more affected by THC as compared to more complex driving tasks requiring conscious control. Epidemiological findings on the role of THC in vehicle crashes have sometimes contrasted findings from experimental research. Surveys that established recent use of cannabis by directly measuring THC in blood showed that THC positives, particularly at higher doses, are about three to seven times more likely to be responsible for their crash as compared to drivers that had not used drugs or alcohol. Together these epidemiological data suggests that recent use of cannabis may increase crash risk, whereas past use of cannabis does not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0376-8716
Language : English
Year Published: 2004

Dose-response effect between cannabis use and psychosis liability in a non-clinical population: Evidence from a snowball sample Author(s): Ruiz-Veguilla, M., Barrigón, M.L., Hernández, L., Rubio, J.L., Gurpegui, M., Sarramea, F., Cervilla, J., Gutiérrez, B., James, A., & Ferrin, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: 47
Page numbers: 1036-1043
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, mental health
Year Published: 2013

DRD2 and DRD4 in relation to regular alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents: Does parenting modify the impact of genetic vulnerability? The TRAILS study Author(s): Creemers HE, Harakeh Z, Dick DM, Meyers J, Vollebergh WA, Ormel J, Verhulst FC, Huizink AC
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 115
Issue: 41671
Page numbers: 35-42
Keywords: cannabis genetics adolescents
Year Published: 2011

Dopamine challenge reveals neuroadaptive changes in marijuana abusers Author(s): Madras BK
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume: 111
Page numbers: 11915-11916
Keywords: cannabis, cognition
Year Published: 2014

Dopamine response to psychosocial stress in chronic cannabis users: A PET Study With [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO Author(s): Mizrahi, R., Suridjan, I., Kenk, M., George, T.P., Wilson, A., Houle, S., & Rusjan, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 673-682
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Does the ‘gateway’ matter? Associations between the order of drug use initiation and the development of drug dependence in the National Comorbidity Study Replication Author(s): L. Degenhardt, W. T. Chiu, K. Conway, L. Dierker, M. Glantz, A. Kalaydjian, K. Merikangas, N. Sampson, J. Swendsen, & R. C. Kessler
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 157-167
Keywords: cannabis gateway epidemiology
Year Published: 2009

Does smoking cannabis affect work commitment? Author(s): Hyggen C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1309-1315
Keywords: Cannabis employment
Year Published: 2012

Does sports participation during adolescents prevent later alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use? Author(s): Wichstrom, T.; Wichstrom, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 104
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 138-149
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2008

Does increasing the opportunity for counseling increase the effectiveness of outpatient drug treatment? Author(s): Fiorentine, R. & Anglin, M.D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 369–382
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1997

Does lizard tail lacing heighten cannabis addiction? Author(s): Sarkhel S, Praharaj SK, Sinha VK
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Addictions
Volume: 20
Page numbers: 181
Keywords: Cannabis dependence
Year Published: 2011

Does Olanzapine inhibit the psychomimetic effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol? Author(s): Kleinloog, D., Liem-Moolenaar, M., Jacobs, G., Klaassen, E., de Kam, M., Hijman, R., & van Gerven, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychopharmacology
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 1307-1316
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Do societal wealth, family affluence and gender account for trends in adolescent cannabis use? A 30 country cross-national study Author(s): ter Bogt, T.F., de Looze, M., Molcho, M., Godeau, E., Hublet, A., Kokkevi, A., Kuntsche, E., Nic Gabhainn, S., Franelic, I.P., Simons-Morton, B., Sznitman, S., Vieno, A., Vollebergh, W. & Pickett, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 273-283
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Do early experiences with cannabis vary in cigarette smokers? Author(s): Agrawal, A., Madden, P.A., Martin, N.G., & Lynskey, M.T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 128
Page numbers: 255-259
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Do reward-processing deficits in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders promote cannabis use? An investigation of physiological response to natural rewards and drug cues Author(s): Cassidy CM, Brodeur MB, Lepage M and Malla A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 339-347
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, psychosis, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Do cannabis and urbanicity co-participate in causing psychosis? Evidence from a 10-year follow-up cohort study Author(s): Kuepper, R., van Os, J., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.U., & Henquet, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 41883
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Do cannabis and urbanicity co-participate in causing psychosis? Evidence from a 10-year follow-up cohort study Author(s): Kuepper, R., van Os, J., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.U., & Henquet, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 41
Page numbers: 2121-2129
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Disruption of frontal theta coherence by ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol is associated with positive psychotic symptoms Author(s): Morrison PD, Nottage J, Stone JM, Bhattacharyya S, Tunstall N, Brenneisen R, Holt D, Wilson D, Sumich A, McGuire P, Murray RM, Kapur S, Ffytche DH
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 827-836
Keywords: Cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Distress, coping, and drug law enforcement in a series of patients using medical cannabis Author(s): Aggarwal, S.K., Carter, G., Sullivan, M., Morrill, R., Zumbrunnen, C., & Mayer, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
Volume: 201
Page numbers: 292-303
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

DNA sequence analyses of blended herbal products including synthetic cannabinoids as designer drugs Author(s): Ogata, J., Uchiyama, N., Kikura-Hanajiri, R., & Goda, Y.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 227
Page numbers: 33-41
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Dispelling the myth of "smart drugs": Cannabis and alcohol use problems predict nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for studying Author(s): Arria, A.M., Wilcox, H.C., Caldeira, K.M., Vincent, K.B., Garnier-Dykstra, L.M., & O'Grady, K.E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 1643-1650
Keywords: cannabis, education
Year Published: 2013

Direct quantification of cannabinoids and cannabinoid glucuronides in whole blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Author(s): Schwope, D.M., Scheidweiler, K.B. & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Volume: 401
Page numbers: 1273-1283
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Differentiating new cannabis use from residual urinary cannabinoid excretion in chronic, daily cannabis users Author(s): Schwilke EW, Gullberg RG, Darwin WD, Chiang CN, Cadet JL, Gorelick DA, Pope HG, Huestis MA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 499-506
Keywords: Cannabis urine testing
Year Published: 2011

Diminished gray matter in the hippocampus of cannabis users: Possible protective effects of cannabidiol Author(s): Demirakca, T., Sartorius, A., Ende, G., Meyer, N., Welzel, H., Skopp, G., Mann, K., & Hermann, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 114
Issue: 41700
Page numbers: 242-245
Keywords: Cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Differential reward network functional connectivity in cannabis dependent and non-dependent users Author(s): Filbey, F. M. Dunlop, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 140
Page numbers: 101-111
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, research
Year Published: 2014

Differences in associations between cannabis and stimulant disorders in first admission psychosis Author(s): Sara G, Burgess P, Malhi GS, Whiteford H, Hall W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 216-222
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, mental health
Year Published: 2013

Differential effects of chronic cannabis use on preattentional cognitive functioning in abstinent schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects. Author(s): Rentzsch, J., Buntebart, E., Stadelmeier, A., Gallinat J., & Jockers-Scherübl M.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 130
Page numbers: 222-227
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

Dietry intake and nutritional status of US adult marijuana users: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Author(s): Smit, E.; Crespo, C.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Public Health Nutrition
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 781-786
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2008

Deviant socialization mediates transmissible and contextual risk on cannabis use disorder development: A prospective study Author(s): Tarter, R.E., Fishbein, D., Kirisci, L., Mezzich, A., Ridenour, T., & Vanyukov, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1301-1308
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Diagnostic criteria for cannabis withdrawal syndrome Author(s): Gorelick DA, Levin KH, Copersino ML, Heishman SJ, Liu F, Boggs DL, Kelly DL.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 123
Issue: 41699
Page numbers: 141-147
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal
Year Published: 2012

Developments in the treatment of cannabis use disorder Author(s): Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current Opinions in Psychiatry
Volume: 17
Page numbers: 161 - 167
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

Developmental pathways to adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence: Child maltreatment, emerging personality, and internalizing versus externalizing psychopathology Author(s): Oshri, A., Rogosch, F. A., Burnette, M. L., Cicchetti, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Volume: Advanced online publication
Page numbers: 41944
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Developmental pathways to adolescent cannabis abuse and dependence: Child maltreatment, emerging personality, and internalizing versus externalizing psychopathology Author(s): Oshri, A., Rogosch, F.A., Burnette, M.L., & Cicchetti, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 25
Page numbers: 634-644
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Developing the Climate Schools: Alcohol and Cannabis Module: a harm-minimization, universal drug prevention program facilitated by the Internet Author(s): Newton, N. C., Vogl, L., Teesson, M., Andrews, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Use & Misuse, Advance online publication
Volume: Advanced online publication
Page numbers: 41275
Keywords: cannabis adolescents prevention
Year Published: 2011

Developmental consequences of perinatal cannabis exposure: Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects in adult rodents Author(s): Campolongo P, Trezza V, Ratano P, Palmery M, Cuomo V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 214
Page numbers: 42125
Keywords: Cannabis Animal Study
Year Published: 2011

Developing limits for driving under cannabis Author(s): Grotenhermen, Franjo; Leson, Gero; Berghaus, Gunter; Drummer, Olaf H.; Kruger, Hans-Peter; Longo, Marie; Moskowitz, Herbert; Perrine, Bud; Ramaekers, Johannes G.; Smiley, Alison; Tunbridge, Rob
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 102
Issue: 12
Page numbers: 1910-1917
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Objective: Development of a rational and enforceable basis for controlling the impact of cannabis use on traffic safety. Methods: An international working group of experts on issues related to drug use and traffic safety evaluated evidence from experimental and epidemiological research and discussed potential approaches to developing per se limits for cannabis. Results: In analogy to alcohol, finite (non-zero) per se limits for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood appear to be the most effective approach to separating drivers who are impaired by cannabis use from those who are no longer under the influence. Limited epidemiological studies indicate that serum concentrations of THC below 10 ng/ml are not associated with an elevated accident risk. A comparison of meta-analyses of experimental studies on the impairment of driving-relevant skills by alcohol or cannabis suggests that a THC concentration in the serum of 7-10 ng/ml is correlated with an impairment comparable to that caused by a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.05%. Thus, a suitable numerical limit for THC in serum may fall in that range. Conclusions: This analysis offers an empirical basis for a per se limit for THC that allows identification of drivers impaired by cannabis. The limited epidemiological data render this limit preliminary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0965-2140 1360-0443
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Developing Science-Based Per Se Limits for Driving under the Influence of Cannabis (DUIC) Author(s): Grotenhermen, F.; Leson, G.; Berghaus, G.; Drummer, O. H.; Krüger, H. P.; Longo, M.; Moskowitz, H.; Perrine, B.; Ramaekers, J.; Smiley, A.
Document type: Web Page
Issue: 19.12.2010
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2005

Design considerations for legalizing cannabis: lessons inspired by analysis of California's Proposition 19 Author(s): Caulkins JP, Kilmer B, Maccoun RJ, Pacula RL, Reuter P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 865-871
Year Published: 2012

Detection of cannabis-induced impairments with sobriety testing Author(s): Papafotiou, K.; Stough, C.; Nathan, P
Document type: Book
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2002

Depression symptoms associated with cannabis dependence in an adolescent American Indian community sample Author(s): Gilder, D.A. & Ehlers, C.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 21
Page numbers: 536-543
Keywords: cannabis depression
Year Published: 2012

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-dependent mice undergoing withdrawal display impaired spatial memory Author(s): Wise, L.E., Varvel, S.A., Selley, D.E., Wiebelhaus, J.M., Long, K.A., Middleton, L.S., Sim-Selley, L.J., & Lichtman, A.H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 217
Page numbers: 485-494
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids withdrawal
Year Published: 2011

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques Author(s): Taffe, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychopharmacology
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 1299-1306
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2012

Delay- and dose-dependent effects of d(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol administration on spatial and object working memory tasks in adolescent rhesus monkeys Author(s): Verrico CD, Liu S, Bitler EJ, Gu H, Sampson AR, Bradberry CW, Lewis DA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 37
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1357-1366
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Delayed preattentional functioning in early psychosis patients with cannabis use Author(s): Pesa N, Hermens DF, Battisti RA, Kaur M, Hickie IB, Solowij N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 222
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 507-518
Keywords: cannabis psychosis cognition
Year Published: 2012

Dedicated 'cannabis only' treatment clinics in New South Wales, Australia: Client and treatment characteristics and associations with first-time treatment seeking Author(s): Copeland J and Allsop D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 565-571
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Deficit models and divergent philosophies: Service providers' perspectives on barriers and incentives to drug treatment Author(s): Treloar, C.; Holt, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 367-382
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

Decriminalization and initiation into cannabis use (Research Paper Number 1130) Author(s): Bretteville-Jensen, A. L., Williams, J.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Decriminalization of cannabis - potential risks for children? Author(s): Amirav, I., Luder, A., Viner, Y., & Finkel, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Acta Paediatrica
Volume: 100
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 618-619
Keywords: crime
Year Published: 2011

Death on the road: cannabis & alcohol, just the same yet totally different Author(s): Tutt, Douglas; Warn, Annie
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs in Society
Volume: December
Page numbers: 41974
Notes: 1036-9864
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

Cyclic vomiting in association with chronic cannabis abuse Author(s): Del Val A, Braithwaite A, Blé M, Nos P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medicina Clinica
Volume: 139
Page numbers: 42
Keywords: Cannabis hyperemisis
Year Published: 2012

Cycling in and out of treatment; participation in methadone treatment in NSW, 1990 - 2002 Author(s): Bell, J., Burrell, T., Indig, D. & Gilmour, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 81
Page numbers: 55 - 61
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

Crosswalk between DSM-IV dependence and DSM-5 substance use disorders for opioids, cannabis, cocaine and alcohol Author(s): Compton, W. M., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Grant, B. F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, classification
Year Published: 2013

Couples' marijuana use is inversely related to their intimate partner violence over the first 9 years of marriage Author(s): Smith PH, Homish GG, Collins RL, Giovino GA, White HR and Leonard KE.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 28
Page numbers: 734-742
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

CP47, 497-C8 and JWH073, commonly found in 'Spice' herbal blends, are potent and efficacious CB(1) cannabinoid receptor agonists Author(s): Atwood, B.K., Lee, D., Straiker, A., Widlanski, T.S., & Mackie, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Pharmacology
Volume: 659
Page numbers: 139-145
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Counselor skill influences outcomes of brief motivational interventions Author(s): Gaume, J., Gmel, G., Faouzi, M., & Jean-Bernard, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2009

Cortical thickness and neurocognition in adolescent marijuana and alcohol users following 28 days of monitored abstinence. Author(s): Jacobus J, Squeglia LM, Sorg SF, Nguyen-Louie TT and Tapert SF.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
Volume: 75
Page numbers: 729-743
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Cost benefit analysis of two policy options for cannabis: status quo and legalisation Author(s): Shanahan, M., & Ritter, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: PLoS One
Volume: 9
Page numbers: e95569
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2014

Correlations and agreement between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in blood plasma and timeline follow-back (TLFB)-assisted self-reported use of cannabis of patients with cannabis use disorder and psychotic illness attending the CapOpus randomized clin Author(s): Hjorthøj CR, Fohlmann A, Larsen AM, Arendt M, Nordentoft M
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1123-1131
Keywords: cannabis measurement
Year Published: 2012

Correlates of later-onset cannabis use in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Author(s): Agrawal, A., & Lynskey, M.T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 105
Issue: 41671
Page numbers: 71-75
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2009

Correlates of pre-treatment drop-out among persons with marijuana dependence Author(s): Vendetti, J.; McRee, B.; Miller, M.; Christiansen, K.; Herrell, J.; The Marijuana Treatment Project Research group
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 125-134
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2002

Correlates of driving under the influence of cannabis Author(s): Jones, Craig G.; Swift, Wendy; Donnelly, Neil J.; Weatherburn, Don J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 88
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 83-86
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Background: Identifying cannabis users who are most at risk of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) has important implications for drug treatment and prevention efforts. This paper examined correlates of DUIC among a purposive sample of recent cannabis users. Methods: Interviews were carried out among a cross-sectional sample of 320 Australian cannabis users. Past-year prevalence of DUIC (without using alcohol or other drugs) was regressed against a range of potential predictor variables. Results: Use of multiple drugs, believing that DUIC does not increase accident risk and cannabis dependence all predicted likelihood of DUIC. There was an interaction between age of first cannabis use and gender, whereby earlier onset cannabis use predicted DUIC but only among women. Conclusions: The correlates of drug driving reflected cannabis users' beliefs about the dangers of cannabis use as well as their patterns of drug consumption. The emergence of cannabis dependence and age of onset as predictors of DUIC suggests a clearly defined role for treatment and prevention efforts in reducing the potential harms associated with DUIC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0376-8716
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Correlates of initiation to cannabis use: a5-year follow-up of 15–19-year-old adolescents Author(s): Kari Poikolainen, Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson, Terhi Aalto-Setälä, Mauri Marttunen, Tuula Anttil, Jouko Lönnqvist
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 62
Page numbers: 175-180
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2001

Contributions of ethnicity to differential item functioning of cannabis abuse and dependence symptoms Author(s): Gizer, I.R., Gilder, D.A., Lau, P., Wang, T., Wilhelmsen, K.C., & Ehlers, C.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 74
Page numbers: 320-328
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Correlates of cannabis in a longitundinal sample of young women: The importance of peer influences Author(s): Agrawal, A., Lynskey, M.T., Bucholz, K.K., Madden, P.A.F., & Heath, A.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Preventative Medicine
Volume: 45
Page numbers: 31-34
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2007

Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study Author(s): Kuepper, R., van Os, J., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H., Hofler, M., Henquet, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Medical Journal
Volume: 342
Page numbers: D738
Keywords: Cannabis Psychosis
Abstract: Abstract Objective To determine whether use of cannabis in adolescence increases the risk for psychotic outcomes by affecting the incidence and persistence of subclinical expression of psychosis in the general population (that is, expression of psychosis below the level required for a clinical diagnosis). Design Analysis of data from a prospective population based cohort study in Germany (early developmental stages of psychopathology study). Setting Population based cohort study in Germany. Participants 1923 individuals from the general population, aged 14-24 at baseline. Main outcome measure Incidence and persistence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms after use of cannabis in adolescence. Cannabis use and psychotic symptoms were assessed at three time points (baseline, T2 (3.5 years), T3 (8.4 years)) over a 10 year follow-up period with the Munich version of the composite international diagnostic interview (M-CIDI). Results In individuals who had no reported lifetime psychotic symptoms and no reported lifetime cannabis use at baseline, incident cannabis use over the period from baseline to T2 increased the risk of later incident psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (adjusted odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1; P=0.021). Furthermore, continued use of cannabis increased the risk of persistent psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (2.2, 1.2 to 4.2; P=0.016). The incidence rate of psychotic symptoms over the period from baseline to T2 was 31% (152) in exposed individuals versus 20% (284) in non-exposed individuals; over the period from T2 to T3 these rates were 14% (108) and 8% (49), respectively. Conclusion Cannabis use is a risk factor for the development of incident psychotic symptoms. Continued cannabis use might increase the risk for psychotic disorder by impacting on the persistence of symptoms.
Year Published: 2011

Contemporary addiction treatment: A review of systems problems for adults and adolescents Author(s): McLellan, A.T. & Meyers, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 56
Issue: 10
Page numbers: 764 - 770
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study Author(s): Kuepper R, van Os J, Lieb R, Wittchen HU, Höfler M, Henquet C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Medical Journal
Volume: 342
Page numbers: d738
Keywords: Cannabis tobacco long-term longitudinal psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Conjugation of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073, metabolites by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases Author(s): Chimalakonda, K.C., Bratton, S.M., Le, V.H., Yiew, K.H., Dineva, A., Moran, C.L., James, L.P., Moran, J.H., & Radominska-Pandya, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug Metabolism and Disposition
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 1967-1976
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Consumption of medicines, alcohol, tobacco and cannabis among university students: A 2-year follow-up Author(s): Caamaño-Isorna, F., Mota, N., Crego, A., Corral, M., Rodríguez Holguín, S., & Cadaveira, F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Public Health
Volume: 56
Page numbers: 247-252
Keywords: cannabis medicinal use youth
Year Published: 2011

Concordant and discordant alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use as predictors of marital dissolution Author(s): Leonard KE, Smith PH and Homish GG.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 28
Page numbers: 780-790
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, research
Year Published: 2014

Confirmation that the AKT1 (rs2494732) genotype influences the risk of psychosis in cannabis users Author(s): Di Forti, M., Iyegbe, C., Sallis, H., Kolliakou, A., Falcone, M.A., Paparelli, A., Sirianni, M., La Cascia, C., Stilo, S.A., Marques, T.R., Handley, R., Mondelli, V., Dazzan, P., Pariante, C., David, A.S., Morgan, C., Powell, J., & Murray, R.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 72
Page numbers: 811-816
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Confronting the challenges of conducting a CBA of cannabis policies Author(s): Shanahan, M., Ritter, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs: education, prevention and policy
Volume: In Press
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2013

Concordance between DSM-5 and DSM-IV nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use disorder diagnoses among pediatric patients Author(s): Kelly, S. M. Gryczynski, J. Mitchell, S. G. Kirk, A. O'Grady, K. E. Schwartz, R. P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 140
Page numbers: 213-216
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, research, dependence
Year Published: 2014

COMT val158met and 5-HTTLPR Genetic Polymorphisms Moderate Executive Control in Cannabis Users Author(s): Verdejo-García A, Beatriz Fagundo A, Cuenca A, Rodriguez J, Cuyás E, Langohr K, de Sola Llopis S, Civit E, Farré M, Peña-Casanova J, de la Torre R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 1598-1606
Keywords: cannabis, genetics
Year Published: 2013

Concentration ratios of morphine to codeine in blood of impaired drivers as evidence of heroin use and not medication with codeine Author(s): Ceder, Gunnel; Jones, Alan Wayne
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Chemistry
Volume: 47
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1980-1984
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2001

Comparison of the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs between 900 injured drivers and 900 control subjects : results of a French collaborative study Author(s): Mura, P.; Kintz, P.; Ludes, B.; Gaulier, J. M.; Marquet, P.; Martin-Dupont, S.; Vincent, F.; Kaddour, A.; Goulle, J. P.; Nouveau, J.; Moulsma, M.; Tilhet-Coartet, S.; Pourrat, O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 133
Issue: 41671
Page numbers: 79-85
Notes: 0379-0738 VF 2003-574
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2003

Compulsory Substance Abuse Treatment: An Overview of Recent Findings and Issues Author(s): Wild, T.C.; Roberts, A.B.; Cooper, E.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Addiction Research
Volume: 8
Page numbers: 84-93
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2002

Comparison of the Effects of marijuana and alcohol on simulated driving performance Author(s): Crancer, A. Jr.; Dille, J. M.; Delay, J. C.; Wallace, J. E.; Haykin, M. D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Science
Volume: 164
Page numbers: 851-854
Notes: Anonymous Australia Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1969

Comparison of the concurrent and predictive validity of three measures of readiness to change marijuana use in a clinical sample of adolescents Author(s): Maisto, S.A., Krenek, M., Chung, T., Martin, C.S., Clark, D., & Cornelius, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 72
Page numbers: 592-601
Keywords: cannabis adolescents motivation
Year Published: 2011

Comparison of clinical trial recruitment populations: Treatment-seeking characteristics of opioid-, cocaine-, and cannabis-using participants Author(s): Mariani, J.J., Cheng, W.Y., Bisaga, A., Sullivan, M., Carpenter, K., Nunes, E.V., & Levin, F.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 40
Page numbers: 426-430
Keywords: cannabis research
Year Published: 2011

Comparison of Extended Versus Brief Treatments for Marijuana Use Author(s): Stephens, R.S.; Curtin, L.; Roffman, R.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 68
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 898-908
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2000

Comparative studies on driving fitness following hashish consumption and following brief anesthesia Author(s): Gostomzyk, J. G.; Gewecke, G.; Eisele, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medizinische Welt
Volume: 45
Page numbers: 1785-1789
Notes: Gostomzyk JG Gewecke G Eisele G German Germany, west Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0025-8512
Year Published: 1971

Comparison of Bulk and Compound-Specific d(13) C Isotope Ratio Analyses for the Discrimination Between Cannabis Samples Author(s): Muccio Z, Wöckel C, An Y, Jackson GP
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic Sciences
Volume: 57
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 757-764
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Comparative effectiveness of smoking cessation treatments for patients with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence Author(s): Gierisch J. M., Bastian L. A., Calhoun P. S., McDuffie J. R., Williams J. W.
Document type: Book
Keywords: cannabis depression
Year Published: 2010

Comparative Epidemiology of Dependence on Tobacco, Alcohol, Controlled Substances, and Inhalants: Basic Findings From the National Comorbidity Survey Author(s): Anthony, J.C., Warner, L.A. & Kessler, R.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Experimental and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 244 - 268
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 1994

Comorbid substance abuse in first-episode schizophrenia: Effects on cognition and psychopathology in the EUFEST study Author(s): Wobrock, T., Falkai, P., Schneider-Axmann, T., Hasan, A., Galderisi, S., Davidson, M., Kahn, R.S., Derks, E.M., Boter, H., Rybakowski, J.K., Libiger, J., Dollfus, S., López-Ibor, J.J., Peuskens, J., Hranov, L.G., Gaebel, W., Fleischhacker, W.W., & EUFEST
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 132-139
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

Community views about the role of general practitioners in disease prevention Author(s): Slama, K.; Redman, S.; Cockburn, J.; Sanson-Fisher, R.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Family Practice
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 203-209
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 1989

Comorbid psychiatric disorders and stages of change in cannabis-dependent, treatment-seeking patients Author(s): Oliveira, H. P., & Malbergier, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 101-105
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Community Referral Sources and Entry of Treatment-Naive Clients into Outpatient Addiction Treatment Author(s): Friedmann, Peter D., Lemon, Stephanie C., Stein, Michael D. & D'Aunno, Thomas A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 105 - 115
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2003

Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT): Engaging Unmotivated Drug Users in Treatment Author(s): Meyers, R.J., Miller, W.R., Hill, D.E. & Tonigan, J.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 291-308
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1999

Commentary on Prince van Leeuwen et?al. (2014): Tobacco and cannabis use Author(s): Fergusson, D.M. & Boden, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 312-313
Year Published: 2014

Commentary on van der Pol et al. (2014): Reconsidering the association between cannabis exposure and dependence Author(s): Temple, E. C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1110-1111
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, research, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Commentary on Cannabis and Crash Risk: Concentration Effect Relation Author(s): Ramaekers, J.G.
Document type: Conference Proceedings
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2005

Combining cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management to enhance their effects in treating cannabis dependence: Less can be more, more or less Author(s): Carroll, K.M., Nich, C., Lapaglia, D.M., Peters, E.N., Easton, C.J., & Petry, N.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Page numbers: 1650-1659
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2012

Commentaries on Pedersen (2011): Does cannabis cause poverty too? Moving beyond the malevolence paradigm Author(s): Reinarman, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1644-1645
Keywords: cannabis economy cost effects burden
Year Published: 2011

Cognitive-Behavioral and Motivational Enhancement Treatments for Cannabis Dependence Author(s): Stephens, R.S.; Roffman, R.A.; Copeland, J.; Swift, J.; R.A. Roffman; R.A. Roffman; R.S., Stephens
Document type: Book
Page numbers: 131-153
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

Collisions and traffic violations of alcohol, cannabis and cocaine abuse clients before and after treatment Author(s): Macdonald, Scott; Mann, Robert E.; Chipman, Mary; Anglin-Bodrug, Kristin
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 36
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 795-800
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Prior research has shown that those with alcohol problems have significantly elevated rates of traffic events (i.e. traffic violations and collisions) than licensed drivers from the general population and that treatment is associated with reductions in alcohol-related collisions. However, very little research exists on traffic events and the impact of treatment for cannabis or cocaine clients. The objectives of this research are: (1) to determine whether clients in treatment for a primary problem of alcohol, cannabis or cocaine have significantly elevated rates of traffic events than a matched control group of licensed drivers; and (2) to assess whether a significant reduction in traffic events occurs after treatment for each client group compared to a control group. Driver records of patients admitted to substance abuse treatment in 1994 for a primary problem of alcohol (n = 117), cannabis (n = 80) or cocaine (n = 169) were accessed from the Ministry of Transportation for Ontario, Canada. A comparison group of 504 licensed drivers frequency matched by age, sex and place of residence, was also randomly selected. Data was collapsed into two 6-year time periods: 1988-1993 (i.e. before treatment) and 1995-2000 (i.e. after treatment). Six repeated measures analysis of variance tests were conducted where traffic violations and collisions of three treatment groups (i.e. alcohol, cannabis or cocaine) and a control group were compared before and after treatment. All three treatment groups had significantly more traffic violations than the control group and no significant interactions between time period and group membership were found. For collisions, there was a significant interaction between the alcohol and control groups and between the cocaine and control groups. The average number of collisions for the alcohol and cocaine groups decreased after completing treatment, whereas the number for the control group was stable over the same time periods. Neither the interaction term nor the between group effect was significant in the comparison of the cannabis and control groups. When rates of collisions were calculated based on the period that each driver had a valid license, the interaction term was still significant for the comparison of the alcohol and control groups but not for the cocaine and control groups. The results contribute to existing literature by demonstrating that cocaine and cannabis clients have a higher risk of traffic violations than matched controls and that reductions in collision risk was found after treatment for the alcohol and cocaine groups. More research is needed to better understand the reasons for the higher risk of traffic events and to determine reasons for declines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 2004

Cognition and motor control as a function of Delta -sup-9-THC concentration in serum and oral fluid: Limits of impairment Author(s): Ramaekers, J.G; Moeller, M.; van Ruitenbeek, P.; Theunissen, E.; Schneider, E.; Kauert, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 85
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 114-122
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Cannabis use has been associated with increased risk of becoming involved in traffic accidents; however, the relation between THC concentration and driver impairment is relatively obscure. The present study was designed to define performance impairment as a function of THC in serum and oral fluid in order to provide a scientific framework to the development of per se limits for driving under the influence of cannabis. Twenty recreational users of cannabis participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way cross-over study. Subjects were administered single doses of 0, 250 and 500 mu g/kg THC by smoking. Performance tests measuring skills related to driving were conducted at regular intervals between 15 min and 6 h post smoking and included measures of perceptual-motor control (Critical tracking task), motor impulsivity (Stop signal task) and cognitive function (Tower of London). Blood and oral fluid were collected throughout testing. Results showed a strong and linear relation between THC in serum and oral fluid. Linear relations between magnitude of performance impairment and THC in oral fluid and serum, however, were low. A more promising way to define threshold levels of impairment was found by comparing the proportion of observations showing impairment or no impairment as a function of THC concentration. The proportion of observations showing impairment progressively increased as a function of serum THC in every task. Binomial tests showed an initial and significant shift toward impairment in the Critical tracking task for serum THC concentrations between 2 and 5 ng/ml. At concentrations between 5 and 10 ng/ml approximately 75-90% of the observations were indicative of significant impairment in every performance test. At THC concentrations >30 ng/ml the proportion of observations indicative of significant impairment increased to a full 100% in every performance tests. It is concluded that serum THC concentrations between 2 and 5 ng/ml establish the lower and upper range of a THC limit for impairment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0376-8716
Language : English
Year Published: 2006

Cognitive Functioning of Long-term Heavy Cannabis Users Seeking Treatment Author(s): Solowij, N.; Stephens, R.S.; Roffman, R.A.; Babor, T.; Kadden, R.; Miller, M.; Christiansen, K.; McRee, B.; Vendetti, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the American Medical Association
Volume: 287
Issue: 9
Page numbers: 1123-1131
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2002

Cognition and cannabis: from anecdote to advanced technology Author(s): Brust JC
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Brain: A Journal of Neurology
Volume: 135
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 2004-2005
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids cognition
Year Published: 2012

Clozapine and SCH 23390 prevent the spatial working memory disruption induced by ?(9)-THC administration into the medial prefrontal cortex Author(s): Rodrigues LC, Conti CL, Nakamura-Palacios EM.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Brain Research
Volume: 1382
Page numbers: 230-237
Keywords: Cannabis Neurobiology
Year Published: 2011

Clinician-assisted computerised versus therapist-delivered treatment for depressive and addictive disorders: a randomised controlled trial Author(s): Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Baker, A. L., Kelly, B., Lewin, T. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medical Journal of Australia
Volume: 195
Page numbers: s44-s50
Keywords: cannabis treatment internet
Year Published: 2011

Cloud point extraction of ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol from cannabis resin Author(s): Ameur, S., Haddou, B., Derriche, Z., Canselier, J.P., & Gourdon, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Volume: 405
Page numbers: 3117-3123
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Clinical profile of participants in a brief intervention program for cannabis use disorder Author(s): Copeland, J., Swift, W. & Rees, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 20
Page numbers: 45 - 52
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2001

Clinical correlates of co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use: a systematic review Author(s): Peters EN, Budney AJ, Carroll KM.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 1404-1417
Keywords: cannabis tobacco
Year Published: 2012

Clinical handbook of adolescent addiction Author(s): Copeland, J., Howard, J.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 202-212
Keywords: cannabis, dependence, abuse, treatment
Year Published: 2013

Clinical correlates of cannabis use among adolescent psychiatric inpatients Author(s): Lev-Ran S, Aviram A, Braw Y, Nitzan U, Ratzoni G, Fennig S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Psychiatry
Volume: 27
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 470-475
Keywords: Cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Clearing the smoke around medical marijuana Author(s): Ware, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Volume: 90
Page numbers: 769-771
Keywords: cannabis medicinal
Year Published: 2011

Client engagement in Drug Treatment Author(s): Florentine, R., Nakashima, J. & Anglin, M.D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 199 - 206
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1998

Clear your vision: groupwork program: Facilitator's manual Author(s): Michalopoulos, A., Soames, G., Howard, J., National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre, & Youth off the Streets.
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: Cannabis adolescents mental health
Year Published: 2011

Cigarette and cannabis use trajectories among adolescents in treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders Author(s): Gray, K.M., Riggs, P.D., Min, S.J., Mikulich-Gilbertson, S.K., Bandyopadhyay, D., & Winhusen, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 117
Page numbers: 242-247
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use and prior drug treatment among newly homeless young adults in New York City: Relationship to a history of foster care Author(s): Thompson, R.G. & Hasin, D.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 117
Page numbers: 66-69
Keywords: cannabis use statistics
Year Published: 2011

Clear your vision: a do-it-yourself guide to quitting cannabis: [booklet] Author(s): National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre & Youth off the Streets
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: Cannabis adolescents mental health
Year Published: 2011

Chronic pain and marijuana use among a nationally representative sample of adults Author(s): Zvolensky, M. J., Cougle, J. R., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Norberg, M. M., Johnson, K., Kosiba, J., Asmundson, G. J. G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American Journal on Addictions
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis medicinal
Year Published: 2011

Chronic cannabinoid treatment during young adulthood induces sex-specific behavioural deficits in maternally separated rats Author(s): Klug M, van den Buuse M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Behavioral Brain Research
Volume: 233
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 305-313
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Chronic Adolescent Exposure to Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in COMT Mutant Mice: Impact on Indices of Dopaminergic, Endocannabinoid and GABAergic Pathways Author(s): Behan AT, Hryniewiecka M, O'Tuathaigh CM, Kinsella A, Cannon M, Karayiorgou M, Gogos JA, Waddington JL, Cotter DR.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 37
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1773-1783
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Chronic administration of THC prevents the behavioral effects of intermittent adolescent MDMA administration and attenuates MDMA-induced hyperthermia and neurotoxicity in rats Author(s): Shen, E.Y., Ali, S.F. & Meyer, J.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropharmacology
Volume: 61
Page numbers: 1183-1192
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids biology
Year Published: 2011

Choosing a diagnostic cut off for cannabis dependence Author(s): Swift, W.; Copeland, J.; Hall, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 93
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1681-1692
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 1998

Childhood predictors of first chance to use and use of cannabis by young adulthood Author(s): Storr, C.L., Wagner, F.A., Chen, C.Y., & Anthony, J.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 117
Page numbers: 42186
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Childhood and current ADHD symptom dimensions are associated with more severe cannabis outcomes in college students Author(s): Bidwell, L.C., Henry, E.A., Willcutt, E.G., Kinnear, M.K. & Ito, T.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 135
Page numbers: 88-94
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Characterizing smoking topography of cannabis in heavy users Author(s): McClure EA, Stitzer ML, Vandrey R
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 220
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 309-318
Year Published: 2012

Characteristics of clinically anxious versus non-anxious regular, heavy marijuana users Author(s): Van Dam, N.T., Bedi, G. & Earleywine, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 1217-1223
Keywords: cannabis anxiety
Year Published: 2012

Characteristics of cocaine- and marijuana-dependent subjects presenting for medication treatment trials Author(s): McRae, A.L., Hedden, S.L., Malcolm, R.J., Carter, R.E. & Brady, K.T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Page numbers: 1433 - 1440
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

Characteristics and problems of 600 adolescent cannabis abusers in outpatient treatment Author(s): Tims, F.M.; Dennis, M.L.; Hamilton, N.; Buchan, B.J.; Diamond, G.; Funk, R.; Brantley, L.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 46-57
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2002

Chapter 9. Conclusions and Implications Author(s): Council, C.L. & Bray, J.W.
Document type: Electronic Article
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Chapter 8. Effects of Reporting Requirements on Estimates from the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) Author(s): Duffy, S.Q.
Document type: Electronic Article
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Chapter 5. Client Choice among Standard Outpatient, Intensive Outpatient, Residential, and Inpatient Alcohol Treatment in State-Monitored Programs Author(s): Duffy, S.Q., Zarkin, G.A., Dunlap, L.J.
Document type: Electronic Article
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Chapter 6. Length of Stay among Female Clients in Substance Abuse Treatment Author(s): Ashley, O.S., Sverdlov, L. & Brady, T.M.
Document type: Electronic Article
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

Chapter 5. Client Choice among Standard Outpatient, Intensive Outpatient, Residential, and Inpatient Alcohol Treatment in State-Monitored Programs Author(s): Duffy, S.Q., Zarkin, G.A., Dunlap, L.J.
Document type: Electronic Article
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Chapter 4. Do Client Characteristics Affect Admission to Inpatient Versus Outpatient Alcohol Treatment in Publicly Monitored Programs? Author(s): Duffy, S.Q., Zarkin, G.A., Dunlap, L.J.
Document type: Electronic Article
Journal: Health Services Utilization by Individuals with Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Chapter 3. Substance Use and Mental Disorder Discharges from U.S. Community Hospitals in the Early 1990s, Revisited Author(s): Duffy, S.Q.
Document type: Electronic Article
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Chapter 1. Health Services Utilization by Individuals with Substance Use and Mental Disorders Author(s): Council, C.L. & Bray, J.W.
Document type: Electronic Article
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Changing motives for use: outcomes from a cognitive-behavioral intervention for marijuana-dependent adults Author(s): Banes, K. E., Stephens, R. S., Blevins, C. E., Walker, D. D., & Roffman, R. A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 139
Page numbers: 41-46
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Changing the focus: the case for recognizing and treating cannabis use disorders Author(s): Dennis, M., Babor, T.F., Roebuck, C. & Donaldson, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 42095
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2002

Changes in cigarette and alcohol use during cannabis abstinence Author(s): Allsop, D. J., Dunlop, A. J., Saddler, C., Rivas, G. R., McGregor, I. S., & Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 138
Page numbers: 54-60
Keywords: cannabis, withdrawal, tobacco
Year Published: 2014

Changes in cannabis use and its consequences over 3 years in a remote indigenous population in northern Australia Author(s): Clough, A.R.; Lee, K.S.K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 101
Page numbers: 696-705
Year Published: 0

Changes in cannabis use among young people: impact on mental health Author(s): Copeland, J., Rooke, S. & Swift, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 325-329
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, mental health
Year Published: 2013

Changes in cannabis use among young people: impact on mental health Author(s): Rooke, S., Norberg, M. M., Copeland, J., Swift, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current Opinion in Psychiatry
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 41760
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Change in cannabis use in the general population: a longitudinal study on the impact on psychotic experiences Author(s): van Gastel WA, Vreeker A, Schubart CD, MacCabe JH, Kahn RS and Boks MP.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia research
Volume: 157
Page numbers: 266-270
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

CB-1 receptors modulate the effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, citalopram on extracellular serotonin levels in the rat prefrontal cortex Author(s): Kleijn, J., Cremers, T.I., Hofland, C.M., & Westerink, B.H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroscience Research
Volume: 70
Page numbers: 334-337
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids biology
Year Published: 2011

CB1 and CB2 Receptor Expression and Promoter Methylation in Patients with Cannabis Dependence Author(s): Rotter A, Bayerlein K, Hansbauer M, Weiland J, Sperling W, Kornhuber J, Biermann T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Addiction Research
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 13-20
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Causes of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma Author(s): Lightfoot, T.J.; Roman, E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Volume: 199
Page numbers: 104-117
Year Published: 2004

Cardiovascular complications induced by cannabis smoking: a case report and review of the literature Author(s): Fisher, B.A.C.; Ghuran, A.; Antonios, T.F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Emergency Medicine Journal
Volume: 22
Page numbers: 679-680
Year Published: 2005

Cardiovascular consequences of marijuana use Author(s): Sidney, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Volume: 42
Page numbers: 64S-70S
Year Published: 2002

Cannabis: a rare trigger of premature myocardial infarction Author(s): Canga Y, Osmonov D, Karatas MB, Durmus G, Ilhan E, Kirbas V
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Anatolian Journal of Cardiology
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 272-274
Keywords: cannabis mental health biology
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis-related impairment and social anxiety: The roles of gender and cannabis use motives Author(s): Buckner, J.D., Zvolensky, M.J. & Schmidt, N.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 1294-1297
Keywords: cannabis, social, anxiety, gender, motives
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis-use and related difficulties among secondary school students: guidance for school nurses, community health workers and public health counsellors Author(s): Howard, J., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Adolescência & saúde
Volume: 10
Page numbers: 42-52
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis-related deficits in real-world memory Author(s): Montgomery C, Seddon AL, Fisk JE, Murphy PN, Jansari A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Psychopharmacology
Volume: 27
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 217-225
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis-related hospitalizations: unexpected serious events identified through hospital databases Author(s): Jouanjus E, Leymarie F, Tubery M, Lapeyre-Mestre M
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Volume: 71
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 758-765
Keywords: cannabis physical health
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis-associated arterial disease Author(s): Desbois, A.C. & Cacoub, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annals of Vascular Surgery
Volume: 27
Page numbers: 996-1005
Keywords: cannabis, health, heart
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis, the pregnant woman and her child: weeding out the myths Author(s): Jaques, S. C., Kingsbury, A., Henshcke, P., Chomchai, C., Clews, S., Falconer, J., & Oei, J. L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Perinatology
Volume: 34
Page numbers: 417-424
Keywords: cannabis, fertility, health
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis, possible cardiac deaths and the coroner in Ireland Author(s): Tormey, W.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Irish Journal of Medical Science
Volume: 181
Page numbers: 479-482
Keywords: Cannabis mortality
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of follow-up of a population-based cohort Author(s): Manrique-Garcia E, Zammit S, Dalman C, Hemmingsson T, Andreasson S, Allebeck P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 42
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1321-1328
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis, pesticides and conflicting laws: the dilemma for legalized States and implications for public health Author(s): Stone D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP
Volume: 69
Page numbers: 284-288
Keywords: cannabis, legalization, policy
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis withdrawal syndrome: An important diagnostic consideration in adolescents presenting with disordered eating Author(s): Chesney, T., Matsos, L., Couturier, J. & Johnson, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Eating Disorders
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, withdrawal, adolescents
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis withdrawal in chronic, frequent cannabis smokers during sustained abstinence within a closed residential environment Author(s): Lee, D., Schroeder, J. R., Karschner, E. L., Goodwin, R. S., Hirvonen, J., Gorelick, D. A., & Huestis, M. A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 234-242
Keywords: cannabis, withdrawal
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis withdrawal is common among treatment-seeking adolescents with cannabis dependence and major depression, and is associated with rapid relapse to dependence - Addictive Behaviours Author(s): Cornelius, J.R.; Chung, T.; Martin, C.; Wood, D.S.; Clark, D.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 1500-1505
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal craving
Year Published: 2008

Cannabis with high cannabidiol content is associated with fewer psychotic experiences Author(s): Schubart, C.D., Sommer, I.E., van Gastel, W.A., Goetgebuer, R.L., Kahn, R.S., & Boks, M.P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 130
Page numbers: 216-221
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis withdrawal in chronic cannabis users with schizophrenia Author(s): Boggs, D.L., Kelly, D.L., Liu, F., Linthicum, J.A., Turner, H., Schroeder, J.R., McMahon, R.P., & Gorelick, D.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: 47
Page numbers: 240-245
Keywords: cannabis, schizophrenia, mental health, withdrawal
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis users differ from non-users on measures of personality and schizotypy Author(s): Fridberg DJ, Vollmer JM, O'Donnell BF, Skosnik PD
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatry Research
Volume: 186
Page numbers: 46-52
Keywords: Cannabis Schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis vaporizer combines efficient delivery of THC with effective suppression of pyrolytic compounds Author(s): Gieringer, D.; St Laurent, J.; Goodrich, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 46569
Year Published: 2004

Cannabis use, ischemic stroke, and multifocal intracranial vasoconstriction: A prospective study in 48 consecutive young patients Author(s): Wolff, V., Lauer, V., Rouyer, O., Sellal, F., Meyer, N., Raul, J.S., Sabourdy, C., Boujan, F., Jahn, C., Beaujeux, R., & Marescaux, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Stroke: A Journal of Cerebral Circulation
Volume: 42
Page numbers: 1778-1780
Keywords: Cannabis use physical health
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use, harms and the management of cannabis use disorder Author(s): Copeland, J., Clement, N., Swift, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychiatry
Volume: 4
Keywords: cannabis, health, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use, harms and the management of cannabis use disorder Author(s): Copeland, J., Clement, N., Swift, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychiatry
Volume: 4
Page numbers: 55-63
Keywords: cannabis, health, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use, depression and public health [comment] Author(s): Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 101
Issue: 10
Page numbers: 1380
Notes: Using Smart Source Parsing 2006 Oct
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 2006

Cannabis use, employment, and income: fixed-effects analysis of panel data Author(s): Popovici, I., & French, M. T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research
Volume: 41
Page numbers: 185-202
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use stages as predictors of subsequent initiation with other illicit drugs among French adolescents: Use of a multi-state model Author(s): Mayet, A., Legleye, S., Falissard, B., & Chau, N
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 160-166
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis use, cognition and brain structure in first-episode psychosis Author(s): Cunha PJ, Rosa PG, Ayres AD, Duran FL, Santos LC, Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Dos Santos B, Murray RM, Crippa JA, Busatto GF, Schaufelberger MS
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 147
Page numbers: 209-215
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, mental health, cognition
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use is associated with increased CCL11 plasma levels in young healthy volunteers Author(s): Fernandez-Egea, E., Scoriels, L., Theegala, S., Giro, M., Ozanne, S.E., Burling, K., Jones, P.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 46
Page numbers: 25-28
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use in young people: The risk for schizophrenia Author(s): Casadio, P., Fernandes, C., Murray, R.M., & Di Forti, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume: 35
Page numbers: 1779-1787
Keywords: cannabis schizophrenia adolescents
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use disorder treatment and associated health care costs in New South Wales, 2007 (Drug Policy Modelling Program (DPMP) Series, Monograph No. 20) Author(s): Ngui, R., Shanahan, M.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: Cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2010

Cannabis use during a voluntary quit attempt: An analysis from ecological momentary assessment Author(s): Buckner, J.D., Zvolensky, M.J., Ecker, A.H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 1
Page numbers: 610-616
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use in Australia: Use, supply, harms, and responses Author(s): McLaren, Jennifer; Mattick, Richard P
Document type: Book
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2007

Cannabis use disorder and age at onset of psychosis - A study in first-episode patients Author(s): Schimmelmann, B.G., Conus, P., Cotton, S.M., Kupferschmid, S., Karow, A., Schultze-Lutter, F., McGorry, P.D., & Lambert, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 129
Page numbers: 52-56
Keywords: cannabis youth age of onset mental health
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use before age 15 and subsequent executive functioning Author(s): Fontes, M.A., Bolla, K.I., Cunha, P.J., Almeida, P.P., Jungerman, F., Laranjeira, R.R., Bressan, R.A., & Lacerda, A.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 198
Page numbers: 442-447
Keywords: cannabis youth age of onset
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use as an indicator of risk for mental health problems in adolescents: a population-based study at secondary schools Author(s): van Gastel WA, Tempelaar W, Bun C, Schubart CD, Kahn RS, Plevier C, Boks MP.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 1849-1856
Keywords: cannabis, mental health, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use and vulnerability for psychosis in early adolescence – a TRAILS study Author(s): Griffith-Lendering, M.F., Wigman, J.T., Prince van Leeuwen, A., Huijbregts, S.C., & Huizink, A.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 108
Page numbers: 733-740
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use and traffic injuries Author(s): Pulido, J., Barrio, G., Lardelli, P., Bravo, M.J., Brugal, M.T., Espelt, A., de la Fuente, L., Ambrós, M., Belza, M.J., Castellano, Y., Domingo-Salvany, A., Fernández, F., Molist, G., Sánchez-Niubó, A., Santos, S., Sordo, L., Vallejo, F., & The Itínere Pr
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Epidemiology
Volume: 22
Page numbers: 609-610
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and transition to psychosis in people at ultra-high risk Author(s): Valmaggia LR, Day FL, Jones C, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological medicine
Volume: 44
Page numbers: 2503-2512
Keywords: cannabis, cognition, epidemiology, psychosis, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use and subclinical positive psychotic experiences in early adolescence: Findings from a Dutch survey Author(s): van Gastel, W.A., Wigman, J.T., Monshouwer, K., Kahn, R.S., van Os, J., Boks, M.P., & Vollebergh, W.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Page numbers: 381-387
Keywords: cannabis adolescents psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis use and traffic accidents in a birth cohort of young adults Author(s): Fergusson, David M.; Horwood, L. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 703-711
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2001

Cannabis use and self-reported collisions in a representative sample of adult drivers Author(s): Mann, Robert E.; Adlaf, Edward; Zhao, Jinhui; Stoduto, Gina; Ialomiteanu, Anca; Smart, Reginald G.; Asbridge, Mark
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Safety Research
Volume: 38
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 669-674
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Problem: This study examines the relationships between collision involvement and several measures of cannabis use, including driving after using cannabis, among drivers, based on a population survey of Ontario adults in 2002 and 2003. Method: Logistic regression analyses examined self-reported collision involvement in the last 12 months by lifetime use of cannabis, past year use of cannabis, and past year driving after using cannabis, while controlling for demographic characteristics. Results: We found that the odds of reporting collision involvement was significantly higher among cannabis users, and among those who reported driving after cannabis use. Some evidence for a dose-response relationship was seen as well. Discussion: Cannabis users and people who report driving after cannabis use are also more likely to report being involved in a collision in the past year. These observations suggest that collision prevention efforts could be aimed at these groups. Additional work to determine the causal pathways involved in the relationships observed here is needed. Impact on Industry: None. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0022-4375
Language : English
Year Published: 2007

Cannabis use and striatal D2 receptor density in untreated first-episode psychosis: An in vivo SPECT study Author(s): Safont, G., Corripio, I., Escartí, M.J., Portella, M.J., Pérez, V., Ferrer, M., Camacho, V., Sauras, R.B., Alonso, A., Grasa, E.M., Arranz, B., San, L., Dueñas, R., Carrió, I., & Alvarez, E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 129
Page numbers: 169-171
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study Author(s): Van Os, J.; Bak, M.; Hanssen, M.; Bijl, R.V.; de Graaf, R.; Verdoux, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Epidemiology
Volume: 156
Page numbers: 319-327
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2002

Cannabis use and related harms in the transition to young adulthood: A longitudinal study of Australian secondary school students Author(s): Scholes-Balog, K.E., Hemphill, S.A., Patton, G.C., & Toumbourou, J.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Adolescents
Volume: 36
Page numbers: 519-527
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use and mental health: Findings from a sample of offenders in police custody Author(s): Macgregor, S., Payne, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Page numbers: 41913
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis use and mental health: Findings from a sample of offenders in police custody Author(s): Macgregor, S., Payne, J.
Document type: Government Document
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with anxiety disorders Author(s): Lev-Ran, S., Le Foll, B., McKenzie, K., & Rehm, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 799-810
Keywords: cannabis mental health anxiety
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis use and first-episode psychosis: relationship with manic and psychotic symptoms, and with age at presentation Author(s): Stone, J.M., Fisher, H.L., Major, B., Chisholm, B., Woolley, J., Lawrence, J., Rahaman, N., Joyce, J., Hinton, M., Johnson, S., Young, A.H. & MiData Consortium
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 44
Page numbers: 499-506
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use and market indicators: A comparison between detainees from Australia and the United States Author(s): McDonald, H., Macgregor, S.
Document type: Government Document
Page numbers: 41883
Keywords: cannabis crime
Year Published: 2012

cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: a systematic meta-analysis Author(s): Large, M., Sharma, S., Compton, M. T., Slade, T., Nielssen, O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry, Advance online publication
Keywords: Cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and earlier onset of psychosis: A systematic meta-analysis Author(s): Large, M., Sharma, S., Compton, M.T., Slade, T., & Nielssen, O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry
Volume: 68
Page numbers: 555-561
Keywords: cannabis youth age of onset
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and first manic episode Author(s): Bally N, Zullino D and Aubry JM
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of affective disorders
Volume: 165
Page numbers: 103-108
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use and development of externalizing and internalizing behaviour problems in early adolescence: A TRAILS study Author(s): Griffith-Lendering, M.F., Huijbregts, S.C., Mooijaart, A., Vollebergh, W.A., & Swaab, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 116
Page numbers: 43040
Keywords: cannabis adolescents
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and disorder transitions among a mixed community sample of at-risk adolescents and adults: a prospective New Zealand study Author(s): Bashford, J., Copeland, J., Flett, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Open Addiction Journal
Volume: 6
Page numbers: 42156
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use and cognitive function: 8-year trajectory in a young adult cohort. Author(s): Tait, R.J., Mackinnon, A. & Christensen, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 2195-2203
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology cognition
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and dependence among Australian adults: results from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing Author(s): Swift, W.; Hall, W.; Teesson, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 96
Page numbers: 737-748
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2001

Cannabis use and age at onset of psychosis: Further evidence of interaction with COMT Val158Met polymorphism Author(s): Estrada, G., Fatjó-Vilas, M., Muñoz, M.J., Pulido, G., Miñano, M.J., Toledo, E., Illa, J.M., Martín, M., Miralles, M.L., Miret, S., Campanera, S., Bernabeu, C., Navarro, M.E., & Fañanás, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Volume: 123
Page numbers: 485-492
Keywords: cannabis youth initiation genetics
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and age at onset of symptoms in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis Author(s): Dragt, S., Nieman, D.H., Schultze-Lutter, F., van der Meer, F., Becker, H., de Haan, L., Dingemans, P.M., Birchwood, M., Patterson, P., Salokangas, R.K., Heinimaa, M., Heinz, A., Juckel, G., Graf von Reventlow, H., French, P., Stevens, H., Ruhrmann, S., K
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Volume: 125
Page numbers: 45-53
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders among individuals with mental illness Author(s): Lev-Ran, S., Le Foll, B., McKenzie, K., George, T. P., Rehm, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Comprehensive Psychiatry
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis use among young people in Pacific Island countries and territories: letter Author(s): Howard, J., Ali, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 89-90
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis use amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease Author(s): Lal, S., Prasad, N., Ryan, M., Tangri, S., Silverberg, M.S., Gordon, A., & Steinhart, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 891-896
Keywords: cannabis physical health epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis smoking and respiratory health: Consideration of the literature Author(s): Gates, P., Jaffe, A., & Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Respirology
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis treatment outcomes among legally coerced and non-coerced adults Author(s): Copeland, J.; Maxwell, J.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: BMC Public Health
Volume: 7
Issue: 111
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2007

Cannabis production and markets in Europe. (EMCDDA Insights Series no. 12) Author(s): European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: Cannabis market
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis Smoke Condensate II: Influence of Tobacco on Tetrahydrocannabinol Levels Author(s): Kooy, F.V.; Pomahacova, B.; Verpoorte, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Inhalation Toxicology
Volume: 21
Page numbers: 87-90
Keywords: cannabis tobacco gateway arguments
Year Published: 2009

Cannabis smoking and myocardial infarction Author(s): Tormey, W., Moore, T. & Gulmann, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Clinical Practice
Volume: 66
Page numbers: 226
Keywords: cannabis heart
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis intoxication inhibits avoidance action tendencies: a field study in the Amsterdam coffee shops Author(s): Cousijn J, Snoek RW, Wiers RW
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 229
Page numbers: 167-176
Keywords: cannabis, health, behaviours
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis or alcohol first? Differences by ethnicity and in risk for rapid progression to cannabis-related problems in women Author(s): Sartor, C.E., Agrawal, A., Lynskey, M.T., Duncan, A.E., Grant, J.D., Nelson, E.C., Madden, P.A., Heath, A.C., & Bucholz, K.K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 813-823
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis policy: moving beyond stalemate Author(s): Room, R., Fischer, B., Hall, W., Lenton, S., Reuter, P.
Document type: Government Document
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis for therapeutic purposes: Patient characteristics, access, and reasons for use Author(s): Walsh, Z., Callaway, R., Belle-Isle, L., Capler, R., Kay, R., Lucas, P., Holtzman, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, health, medicine, medicinal use
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis in Australia: use, supply, harms, and responses Author(s): National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC); Drug Strategy Branch; Drug Strategy Branch
Document type: Government Document
Issue: Monograph Series No. 57
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2007

Cannabis intoxication and fatal road crashes in France: pupulation based case-control study Author(s): Laumon, B.; Gadegbeku, B.; Martin, J-L.; Biecheler, M-B.; the SAM Group,
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Medical Journal
Volume: 331
Page numbers: 1371-1373
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2005

Cannabis Dependence: its Nature, Consequences and Treatment [Comment] Author(s): Hill, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 101
Issue: 11
Page numbers: 1669-1669
Keywords: cannabis poly drug use dependence
Year Published: 2006

Cannabis derivatives therapy for a seronegative stiff-person syndrome: A case report Author(s): Vicente-Valor, M.I., Garcia-Llopis, P., Mejia Andujar, L., Antonino de la Camara, G., García Del Busto, N., Lopez Tinoco, M.J., Quintana Vergara, B., Peiro Vilaplana, C., Dominguez Moran, J.A., & Sánchez Alcaraz, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 71-73
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis exposure associated with weight reduction and ß-cell protection in an obese rat model Author(s): Levendal RA, Schumann D, Donath M, Frost CL
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Phytomedicine
Volume: 19
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 575-582
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis cue-elicited craving and the reward neurocircuitry Author(s): Filbey FM, Dewitt SJ
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 38
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 30-35
Keywords: cannabis neurobiology
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis depenalisation, drug consumption and crime - evidence from the 2004 cannabis declassification in the UK Author(s): Braakmann N and Jones S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: ocial science & medicine (1982)
Volume: 115
Page numbers: 29-37
Keywords: cannabis, criminology
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis arteritis Author(s): Combemale, P.; Consort, T.; Denis-Thelis, L.; Estival, J-L.; Dupin, M.; Kanitakis, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology
Volume: 152
Page numbers: 166-169
Year Published: 2005

Cannabis Cue Reactivity and Craving Among Never, Infrequent and Heavy Cannabis Users Author(s): Henry, E.A., Kaye, J.T., Bryan, A.D., Hutchison, K.E. & Ito, T.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis and traffic collision risk: findings from a case-crossover study of injured drivers presenting to emergency departments Author(s): Asbridge, M., Mann, R., Cusimano, M. D., Trayling, C., Roerecke, M., Tallon, J. M., & Rehm, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Public Health
Volume: 59
Page numbers: 395-404
Keywords: cannabis, driving
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis and ?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for weight loss? Author(s): Le Foll, B., Trigo, J.M., Sharkey, K.A., & Le Strat, Y.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medical Hypotheses
Volume: 80
Page numbers: 564-567
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis and the developing brain: Insights from behavior Author(s): Trezza, V.; Cuomo, V.; Vanderschuren, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Pharmacology
Volume: 585
Issue: 41700
Page numbers: 441-452
Keywords: adolescent development
Year Published: 2008

Cannabis and the increased incidence and persistence of psychosis Author(s): Hall, W. & Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Medical Journal
Volume: 342
Page numbers: 511-512
Keywords: Cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis and social welfare assistance: A longitudinal study Author(s): Pedersen, W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1636-1643
Keywords: Cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis and sport Author(s): Saugy, M.; Avois, L.; Saudan, C.; Robinson, N.; Giroud, C.; Mangin, P.; Dvorak, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine
Volume: 40
Page numbers: i13-i15
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 2006

Cannabis and road crashes: a survey of recent French studies Author(s): Mura, P.; Brunet, B.; Favreau, F.; Hauet, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
Volume: 64
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 192-196
Notes: Mura P Brunet B Favreau F Hauet T Review France English Abstract Journal Article Review
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The clarification of the mechanisms of action of cannabis and its effects on motor and cognitive functions, the results of previous studies performed on driving simulators and closed or open-road driving trials, are important criteria for highlighting the increased risk of road crashes for drivers after a recent use of cannabis. In addition epidemiological studies allow to measure the magnitude of the problem. A survey of French epidemiological studies performed from 1999 to 2004, as well as the data of THC distribution in tissues studies performed on man and animal allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. The risk of road crash after a recent use of cannabis is increased by more than 2.4 in all studies. The prevalence of cannabis use in drivers involved in a road crash has dramatically increased during the last years. For methodological reasons (a too high threshold for THC positivity, a too long time delay between accident and blood sampling), the annual number of fatal cases induced by a cannabis use was likely underestimated. This assessment is consistent with recent data which indicate that THC could be still present in brain while absent in blood. A positivity threshold for THC in blood of 0.5 ng/mL would be more appropriated. So, all recent French studies highlighted that a recent use of cannabis impairs driving ability and that it would be advisable to intensify roadside testing for drugs of abuse. [References: 15]
ISBN: 0003-4509
Year Published: 2006

Cannabis and road death: an emerging injury prevention concern Author(s): Tutt, Douglas; Bauer, Lyndon; Arms, John; Perera, Chandima
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Health Promotion Journal of Australia
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 159-162
Notes: 1036-1073
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2001

Cannabis and psychosis: Have we found the missing links? Author(s): Parakh, P. & Basu, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Asian Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 6
Page numbers: 281-287
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, mental health
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis and psychometrically-defined schizotypy: Use, problems and treatment considerations Author(s): Cohen, A.S., Buckner, J.D., Najolia, G.M., & Stewart, D.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: 45
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 548-554
Keywords: Cannabis Schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis and psychosis proneness Author(s): Verdoux, H.; Castle, D. & Murray, R.; Castle, D. & Murray, R.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 75-88
Keywords: cannabis psychosis proneness
Year Published: 2004

Cannabis and progression to other substance use in young adults: findings from a 13-year prospective population-based study Author(s): Swift, W., Coffey, C., Degenhardt, L., Carlin, J. B., Romaniuk, H., Patton, G. C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis and progression to other substance use in young adults: findings from a 13-year prospective population-based study Author(s): Swift W, Coffey C, Degenhardt L, Carlin JB, Romaniuk H, Patton GC
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Volume: 66
Issue: 7
Page numbers: e26
Keywords: cannabis gateway epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis and its derivatives: Review of medical use Author(s): Leung, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
Volume: 24
Page numbers: 452-462
Keywords: Cannabis medicinal medicine
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis and mental health Author(s): Fernández-Artamendi S, Fernández-Hermida JR, Secades-Villa R, García-Portilla P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 180-190
Keywords: cannabis psychosis mental health
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis and driving: the situation in Europe Author(s): Raes, E.; Verstraete, A. G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
Volume: 64
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 197-203
Notes: Raes E Verstraete AG Review France English Abstract Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: In Europe, three million people consume cannabis every day. Investigations showed that more than two thirds of drug users drive after having smoked cannabis. Epidemiological studies show that between 0.5% and 8.2% of the general driving population is positive for cannabis. For drivers wounded or deceased as a result of an accident, the percentage varies respectively from 3.3% to 10% and from 2.2% to 8.4%. Finally, very high percentages are found in the studies which analysed the presence of drugs in drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs: more than 50% in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Six European countries adopted an analytical or 'per se' legislation and the cut-offs vary between 0.3 and 2 ng/mL THC. In the Netherlands, experimental studies carried out after administration of cannabis clearly showed the impairing effects, in particular in the event of simultaneous consumption of cannabis and alcohol. Various research projects financed by the European Union studied the epidemiologic aspects (IMMORTAL), detection by psychotechnical tests (CERTIFIED) and roadside drug detection (ROSITA and ROSITA-2). [References: 37]
ISBN: 0003-4509
Year Published: 2006

Cannabis and First-Episode Psychosis: Different Long-term Outcomes Depending on Continued or Discontinued Use Author(s): González-Pinto A, Alberich S, Barbeito S, Gutierrez M, Vega P, Ibáñez B, Haidar MK, Vieta E, Arango C
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume: 37
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 631-639
Keywords: cannabis psychosis epidemiology
Year Published: 2011

Cannabis and depression: An integrative data analysis of four Australasian cohorts Author(s): Horwood, L. J., Fergusson, D. M., Coffey, C., Patton, G. C., Tait, R., Smart, D., Letcher, P., Silins, E., Hutchinson, D. M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: Advance online publication
Issue: 41913
Keywords: cannabis depression
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis and depression: An integrative data analysis of four Australasian cohorts Author(s): Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM, Coffey C, Patton GC, Tait R, Smart D, Letcher P, Silins E, Hutchinson DM.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 126
Page numbers: 369-378
Keywords: cannabis depression epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Cannabis and Driving--Research Needs and Issues for Transportation Policy Author(s): Laberge, Jason C.; Ward, Nicholas J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Drug Issues
Volume: 34
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 971-990
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: This paper summarizes current knowledge regarding the effects of cannabis use on driving. Psychopharmacological evidence has shown that cannabis, unlike alcohol, can be detected several days after consumption. Prevalence data has revealed that cannabis use is increasing, and that as many as 90% of study participants were willing to drive after consuming a typical dose. A review of laboratory studies found that cannabis and alcohol affect different driving tasks. When cannabis and alcohol use were evaluated in simulated and on-road driving situations, drivers were more aware of being intoxicated after using cannabis and thus invoked greater compensatory effort to offset impairment in the driving task. The effect of cannabis use on crash risk has shown that recent use increases crash risk, but not as much as alcohol consumption. This paper concludes that further research is needed before specific transportation policy can be developed for cannabis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0022-0426
Language : English
Year Published: 2004

Cannabis and driving: A new perspective Author(s): O'Kane, Carl J; Tutt, Douglas C; Bauer, Lyndon A
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Emergency Medicine
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 296-306
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2002

Cannabis and Canadian youth: Evidence, not ideology Author(s): Spithoff S and Kahan M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien
Volume: 60
Page numbers: 785-787
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Cannabis and car driving Author(s): Retterstol, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening
Volume: 93
Issue: 28
Page numbers: 2121-2122
Notes: Retterstol N Norwegian Norway Comparative Study Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0029-2001
Year Published: 1973

Cannabis and alcohol: Effects on estimation of time and distance Author(s): Bech, Per; Rafaelsen, Lise; Rafaelsen, Ole J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 32
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 373-381
Notes: Journal Peer-Reviewed Status-Unknown
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Administered cannabis resin containing 4% D1-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to 8 male adults during simulated car driving. THC was given orally in doses of 8, 12, and 16 mg. Alcohol was given orally in 1 dose of 70 g. Cannabis showed much stronger effect than alcohol on the estimation of time and distance, and it was more marked on the subjective than on the objective estimation. A dose-response type of effect was seen with cannabis. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Language : English
Year Published: 1973

Cannabis and alcohol: effects on stimulated car driving Author(s): Rafaelsen, O. J.; Bech, P.; Christiansen, J.; Christrup, H.; Nyboe, J.; Rafaelsen, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Science
Volume: 179
Issue: 4076
Page numbers: 920-923
Notes: Rafaelsen OJ Bech P Christiansen J Christrup H Nyboe J Rafaelsen L United states Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated car driving were studied. Cannabis resin containing 4 percent Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered orally in three doses equivalent to 8, 12, and 16 milligrams of that component. Alcohol was given orally in one standard dose of 70 grams. Both cannabis and alcohol increased the time required to brake and start, whereas alcohol increased while cannabis decreased the number of gear changes. An effect of dosage on response was observed with cannabis.
ISBN: 0036-8075
Year Published: 1973

Cannabis affects driving skills Author(s): Khiabani, Hassan Z.; Christophersen, Asbjorg S.; Morland, Jorg
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening
Volume: 127
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 583-584
Notes: Khiabani HZ Christophersen AS Morland J Review Norway English Abstract Journal Article Review
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the most important psychoactive substance in cannabis, is frequently detected in blood from apprehended drivers suspected for drugged driving. Both experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the negative effects of THC upon cognitive functions and psychomotor skills. These effects could last longer than a measurable concentration of THC in blood. Culpability studies have recently demonstrated an increased risk of becoming responsible in fatal or injurious traffic accidents, even with low blood concentrations of THC. It has also been demonstrated that there is a correlation between the degree of impairment, the drug dose and the THC blood concentration. It is very important to focus on the negative effect of cannabis on fitness to drive in order to prevent injuries and loss of human life and to avoid large economic consequences to the society. [References: 25]
Year Published: 2007

Cannabis affects people differently: Inter-subject variation in the psychotogenic effects of ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study with healthy volunteers Author(s): Atakan, Z., Bhattacharyya, S., Allen, P., Martín-Santos, R., Crippa, J.A., Borgwardt, S.J., Fusar-Poli, P., Seal, M., Sallis, H., Stahl, D., Zuardi, A.W., Rubia, K., & McGuire, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 1255-1267
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis abuse is associated with better emotional memory in schizophrenia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Author(s): Bourque, J., Mendrek, A., Durand, M., Lakis, N., Lipp, O., Stip, E., Lalonde, P., Grignon, S., Potvin, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatric Research
Volume: 214
Page numbers: 24-32
Keywords: cannabis, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

Cannabis (Marijuana) - Effects on Human Behavior and Performance Author(s): Heustis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science Review
Volume: 14
Issue: 15
Page numbers: 15-60
Keywords: health properties cannabis
Year Published: 2002

Cannabis Abuse as a Risk Factor for Depressive Symptoms Author(s): Bovasso, G.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 158
Page numbers: 2033-2037
Keywords: depression cannabis
Year Published: 2001

Cannabis abuse in adolescence and the risk of psychosis: a brief review of the preclinical evidence Author(s): Rubino, T. Parolaro, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
Volume: 52
Page numbers: 41-44
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Cannabinoids and metabolites in expectorated oral fluid after 8 days of controlled around-the-clock oral THC administration Author(s): Milman, G., Barnes, A.J., Schwope, D.M., Schwilke, E.W., Goodwin, R.S., Kelly, D.L., Gorelick, D.A., & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Volume: 401
Page numbers: 599-607
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Cannabinoids disrupt hippocampal sharp wave-ripples via inhibition of glutamate release Author(s): Maier N, Morris G, Schuchmann S, Korotkova T, Ponomarenko A, Böhm C, Wozny C, Schmitz D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Hippocampus
Volume: 22
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1350-1362
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Cannabinoids lead to enhanced virulence of the smallpox vaccine (vaccinia) virus Author(s): Huemer, H.P., Lassnig, C., Bernhard, D., Sturm, S., Nowotny, N., Kitchen, M., & Pavlic, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Immunobiology
Volume: 216
Page numbers: 670-677
Keywords: cannabis genetics
Year Published: 2011

Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain Author(s): Abrams, D.I., Couey, P., Shade, S.B., Kelly, M.E., & Benowitz, N.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Volume: 90
Page numbers: 844-851
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids medicinal
Year Published: 2011

Cannabinoids and appetite: Food craving and food pleasure Author(s): Kirkham, T.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Review of Psychiatry
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 163-171
Year Published: 2009

Cannabinoid-associated cell death mechanisms in tumor models (Review) Author(s): Calvaruso G, Pellerito O, Notaro A, Giuliano M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Oncology
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 407-413
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Cannabinoid-Induced Hyperemesis Author(s): Lieb, M., Palm, U., Nicolaus, M., Reibke, R., & Baghai, T.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatrische Praxis
Volume: 38
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 147-149
Keywords: cannabis hyperemesis
Year Published: 2011

Cannabinoid-induced upregulation of serotonin 2A receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and anxiety-like behaviors in rats Author(s): Franklin, J.M., Mathew, M. & Carrasco, G.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroscience Letters
Volume: 548
Page numbers: 165-169
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, animal study
Year Published: 2013

Cannabinoid receptor genotype moderation of the effects of childhood physical abuse on anhedonia and depression Author(s): Agrawal, A., Nelson, E. C., Littlefield, A. K., Bucholz, K. K., Degenhardt, L., Henders, A. K., … Lynskey, M. T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of General Psychiatry
Volume: Advance online publication
Issue: E1-E9
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids biology
Year Published: 2012

Cannabinoid stability in authentic oral fluid after controlled cannabis smoking Author(s): Lee D, Milman G, Schwope DM, Barnes AJ, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Chemistry
Volume: 58
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1101-1109
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Cannabinoid suppression of noxious heatevoked activity in wide dynamic range neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn of the rat Author(s): Hohmann, A.G., Tsou, K. & Walker, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Neurophysiology
Volume: 81
Issue: 575-583
Keywords: neurobiology cannabis
Year Published: 1999

Cannabinoid potentiation of glycine receptors contributes to cannabis-induced analgesia Author(s): Xiong W, Cheng K, Cui T, Godlewski G, Rice KC, Xu Y, Zhang L
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Nature Chemical Biology
Volume: 7
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 296-303
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene polymorphisms and marijuana misuse interactions on white matter and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia Author(s): Ho BC, Wassink TH, Ziebell S, Andreasen NC
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 128
Issue: 41699
Page numbers: 66-75
Keywords: Cannabis schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

Cannabinoid concentrations in hair from documented cannabis users Author(s): Heustis, M.A.; Gustafson, R.A.; Moolchan, E.T.; Barnes, A.; Bourland, J.A.; Sweeney, S.A.; Hayes, E.F.; Carpenter, P.M.; Smith, M.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 169
Issue: 41700
Page numbers: 129-136
Year Published: 2006

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case series and review of previous reports Author(s): Nicolson SE, Denysenko L, Mulcare JL, Vito JP, Chabon B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychosomatics
Volume: 53
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 212-219
Keywords: Cannabis hyperemisis
Year Published: 2012

Cannabidiol reduces the anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in treatment-naïve social phobia patients Author(s): Bergamaschi MM, Queiroz RH, Chagas MH, de Oliveira DC, De Martinis BS, Kapczinski F, Quevedo J, Roesler R, Schröder N, Nardi AE, Martín-Santos R, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1219-1226
Keywords: cannabis anxiety
Year Published: 2011

Cannabidiol treatment ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion renal injury in rats Author(s): Fouad, A.A., Al-Mulhim, A.S. & Jresat, I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Life Sciences
Volume: 91
Page numbers: 284-292
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Cannabidiol inhibits the hyperphagia induced by cannabinoid-1 or serotonin-1A receptor agonists Author(s): Scopinho, A.A., Guimarães, F.S., Corrêa, F.M., & Resstel, L.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior
Volume: 98
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 268-272
Keywords: cannabis cannabidiol
Year Published: 2011

Cannabidiol Promotes Amyloid Precursor Protein Ubiquitination and Reduction of Beta Amyloid Expression in SHSY5YAPP+ Cells Through PPAR? Involvement. Author(s): Scuderi, C., Steardo, L. & Esposito, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Phytotherapy Research
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis withdrawal syndrome: A case report. Author(s): Crippa, J.A., Hallak, J.E., Machado-de-Sousa, J.P., Queiroz, R.H., Bergamaschi, M., Chagas, M.H., & Zuardi, A.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 162-164
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoid, treatment, withdrawal
Year Published: 2013

Cannabidiol induces programmed cell death in breast cancer cells by coordinating the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy Author(s): Shrivastava, A., Kuzontkoski, P.M., Groopman, J.E., & Prasad, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Volume: 10
Page numbers: 1161-1172
Keywords: cannabis cancer cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Cannabidiol inhibits pathogenic T cells, decreases spinal microglial activation and ameliorates multiple sclerosis-like disease in C57BL/6 mice Author(s): Kozela, E., Lev, N., Kaushansky, N., Eilam, R., Rimmerman, N., Levy, R., Ben-Nun, A., Juknat, A., & Vogel, Z.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
Volume: 163
Page numbers: 1507-1519
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures Author(s): Jones NA, Glyn SE, Akiyama S, Hill TD, Hill AJ, Weston SE, Burnett MD, Yamasaki Y, Stephens GJ, Whalley BJ, Williams CM.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Seizure: The Journal of the British Epilepsy Association
Volume: 21
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 344-352
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids animal studies
Year Published: 2012

Cannabidiol exhibits anxiolytic but not antipsychotic property evaluated in the social interaction test Author(s): Almeida, V., Levin, R., Peres, F.F., Niigaki, S.T., Calzavara, M.B., Zuardi, A.W., Hallak, J.E., Crippa, J.A., & Abílio, V.C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 41
Page numbers: 30-35
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

C-76The Impact of a Motivational Statement and Age of Cannabis Use Onset on Neuropsychological Test Performance Author(s): Sodos L, Young K, Teague A, Gretler J and Macher R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists
Volume: 29
Page numbers: 602
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, cognition, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Can oral fluid cannabinoid testing monitor medication compliance and/or cannabis smoking during oral THC and oromucosal Sativex administration? Author(s): Lee, D., Karschner, E.L., Milman, G., Barnes, A.J., Goodwin, R.S., & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 130
Page numbers: 68-76
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Bulimia nervosa-nonpurging subtype: Closer to the bulimia nervosa-purging subtype or to binge eating disorder? Author(s): Jordan, J., McIntosh, V.V., Carter, J.D., Rowe, S., Taylor, K., Frampton, C.M., McKenzie, J.M., Latner, J. & Joyce, P.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Eating Disorders
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health
Year Published: 2013

Buying cannabis in 'coffee shops' Author(s): Monshouwer K, VAN Laar M, Vollebergh WA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 30
Page numbers: 148-156
Keywords: Cannabis law legal
Year Published: 2011

Brief Treatments for Cannabis Dependence : Findings From a Randomized Multisite Trial Author(s): Babor, T.F., Carroll, K., Christiansen, K,. Donaldson, J., Herrell, J., Kadden, R., Litt, M., McRee, B., Miller, M., Roffman, R., Solowij, N., Steinberg, K., Setphens, R. & Vendetti, J
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 72
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 455 - 466
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2004

Brugada electrocardiogram pattern induced by cannabis Author(s): Romero-Puche, A.J., Trigueros-Ruiz, N., Cerdán-Sánchez, M.C., Pérez-Lorente, F., Roldán, D., & Vicente-Vera, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Revista Espanola de Cardiologia
Volume: 65
Page numbers: 856-858
Keywords: cannabis health effects
Year Published: 2012

Brief motivational interviewing for teens at risk of substance use consequences: A randomized pilot study in a primary care clinic Author(s): D'Amico, E. J.; Miles, J. N. V.; Stern, S. A.; Meredith, L. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

Bidirectional control of airway responsiveness by endogenous cannabinoids Author(s): Calignano, A.; Katona, I.; Desarnaud, F.; Giuffrida, A.; La Rana, G.; Mackie, K.; Freund, T.F.; Piomelli, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Nature
Volume: 408
Page numbers: 96-101
Year Published: 2000

Birth outcomes associated with cannabis use before and during pregnancy Author(s): Hayatbakhsh, M.R., Flenady, V.J., Gibbons, K.S., Kingsbury, A.M., Hurrion, E., Mamun, A.A., & Najman, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pediatric Research
Volume: 71
Page numbers: 215-219
Keywords: cannabis pregnancy
Year Published: 2012

Blockade of THC-seeking behaviour and relapse in monkeys by the cannabinoid CB(1)-receptor antagonist rimonabant Author(s): Justinova, Z., Munzar, P., Panlilio, L.V., Yasar, S., Redhi, G.H., Tanda, G., & Goldberg, S.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 2870-2877
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2008

Beneficial effect of the non-psychotropic plant cannabinoid cannabigerol on experimental inflammatory bowel disease Author(s): Borrelli, F., Fasolino, I., Romano, B., Capasso, R., Maiello, F., Coppola, D., Orlando, P., Battista, G., Pagano, E., Di Marzo, V., & Izzo, A.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Biochemical Pharmacology
Volume: 85
Page numbers: 1306-1316
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

Beyond the Therapeutic Alliance: Keeping the Drug-Dependent Individual in Treatment Author(s): Onken, L.S.; Blaine, J.D.; Boren, J.J.; U.S. Department of Health and Human Service; U.S. Department of Health and Human Service
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1997

Barriers to Treatment Entry: Case Studies of Applicants Approved for Admission Author(s): Ebener, P. & Kilmer, B.
Document type: Generic
Issue: DRU-2949-PH
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2003

Barriers to treatment: Why alcohol and drug abusers delay or never seek treatment Author(s): Cunningham, J.A.; Sobell, L.C.; Sobell, M.B.; Agrawal, S.; Toneatto, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 18
Page numbers: 347-353
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 1993

Behavioral pharmacokinetics of marijuana Author(s): Barnett, G.; Licko, V.; Thompson, T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 85
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 51-56
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Abstract: Eight 22-33 yr old males smoked 1 marihuana cigarette containing 100, 200, or 250 mu g/kg of delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and were tested on 3 perceptual-motor performance measures related to driving. Performance was measured and blood samples were collected before smoking and at several points during the 24 hrs after smoking. A significant linear correlation was found between tracking errors under divided attention and THC plasma levels over 5-25 ng/ml for approximately 2 hrs after smoking. A sigmoid relation was found between critical tracking breakpoint and log THC plasma levels over 2-25 ng/ml for approximately 7 hrs after smoking. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0033-3158 1432-2072
Language : English
Year Published: 1985

Barriers and Incentives to Treatment for Illicit Drug Users - Monograph Series No 53 Author(s): Treloar, C.; Abelson, J.; Cao, W.; Brener, L.; Kippax, S.; Schultz, L.; Schultz, M.; Bath, N.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2004

barriers and incentives to treatment for illicit drug users with mental health comorbidities and complex vulnerabilities Author(s): Holt, M., Treloar, C., McMillan, K., Schultz, L., Schultz, M. & Bath, N. ; National Drug Strategy; National Drug Strategy
Document type: Government Document
Volume: Monograph Series No. 61
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

Barriers and facilitators to cannabis treatment Author(s): Gates P, Copeland J, Swift W, Martin G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 311-319
Keywords: cannabis treatment barriers
Year Published: 2012

Baclofen in the management of cannabis dependence syndrome Author(s): Imbert, B., Labrune, N., Lancon, C. & Simon, N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacoly
Volume: 4
Page numbers: 50-52
Keywords: cannabis, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Barriers and facilitators to cannabis treatment Author(s): Gates, P., Copeland, J., Swift, W., Martin, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: Advanced online publication
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2011

AVE1625, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, as a co-treatment with antipsychotics for schizophrenia: improvement in cognitive function and reduction of antipsychotic-side effects in rodents Author(s): Black MD, Stevens RJ, Rogacki N, Featherstone RE, Senyah Y, Giardino O, Borowsky B, Stemmelin J, Cohen C, Pichat P, Arad M, Barak S, De Levie A, Weiner I, Griebel G, Varty GB
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Volume: 215
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 149-163
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Avoiding emotional bonds: An examination of the dimensions of therapeutic alliance among cannabis users Author(s): Healey, A., Kay-Lambkin, F., Bowman, J., Childs, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Frontiers in Psychiatry
Volume: 4
Page numbers: 43831
Year Published: 2013

Australian secondary school student's use of over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2005 Author(s): White, V.; Hayman, J.; Drug Strategy Branch Australian Goverment Department of Health and Ageing; Drug Strategy Branch Australian Goverment Department of Health and Ageing
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Australian secondary school students’ use of over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2005 Author(s): Branch, D.S.; White, V.; Hayman, J.; Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: adolescent substance use
Year Published: 2006

Attitudes and experiences of people who use cannabis and drive: Implications for drugs and driving legislation in Victoria, Australia Author(s): Lenne, Michael G.; Fry, Craig L.; Dietze, Paul; Rumbold, Greg
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 307-313
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Examined the attitudes of 67 cannabis users (aged 18-25 yrs) to proposed changes to the drugs and driving legislation in Victoria, Australia. The frequency with which young cannabis users drive while affected by cannabis was also examined. The Ss were questioned about their patterns of cannabis and alcohol use and driving, and their attitudes towards driving while intoxicated. A large portion of the sample indicated that they perceived cannabis to be a safe drug for driving. These cannabis users drove while impaired by cannabis, and around half of the sample reported that their cannabis use and driving patterns would not change when proposed changes to the drugs and driving legislation were introduced. It is concluded that further road safety educative initiatives are required that highlight the potential risks of driving while impaired by cannabis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0968-7637 1465-3370
Language : English
Year Published: 2001

Attitudes of cannabis growers to regulation of cannabis cultivation under a non-prohibition cannabis model Author(s): Lenton, S., Frank, V. A., Barratt, M. J., Dahl, H. V., Potter, G. R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, legalization, policy
Year Published: 2014

Attempted Suicide in a Xhosa Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder Population Author(s): Lückhoff, M., Koen, L., Jordaan, E. & Niehaus, D.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Suicide and life-threatening behaviour
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

At high risk and want to quit: marijuana use among adults with depression or serious psychological distress Author(s): Shi, Y.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviors
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 761-767
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, dependence
Year Published: 2014

Associations among sleep problems, learning difficulties and substance use in adolescence Author(s): Fakier, N. & Wild, L.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Adolescence
Volume: 34
Page numbers: 717-726
Keywords: cannabis adolescents cognition
Year Published: 2011

Associations between substance use disorders and major depression in parents and late adolescent-emerging adult offspring: An adoption study Author(s): Marmorstein, N.R., Iacono, W.G. & McGue, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 107
Page numbers: 1965-1973
Keywords: cannabis depression
Year Published: 2012

Association of herbal cannabis use with negative psychosocial parameters in patients with fibromyalgia Author(s): Ste-Marie PA, Fitzcharles MA, Gamsa A, Ware MA, Shir Y.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Arthritis Care and Research
Volume: 64
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 1202-1208
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids medicinal
Year Published: 2012

Association Between Employment and Substance Abuse Behaviors Among Public High School Adolescents Author(s): Valois, R.F.; Dunham, A.C.A.; Jackson, K.L.; Waller, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume: 25
Page numbers: 256-263
Year Published: 1999

Association between interleukin-6 and neurocognitive performance as a function of self-reported lifetime marijuana use in a community based sample of african american adults Author(s): Keen L and Turner AD.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
Volume: 20
Page numbers: 773-783
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, cognition, genetics
Year Published: 2014

Association between pre- and perinatal exposures and Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder in the ALSPAC cohort Author(s): Mathews, C.A., Scharf, J.M., Miller, L.L., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Lawlor, D.A., Ben-Shlomo, Y.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health
Year Published: 2013

Association between cannabis use and schizotypal dimensions - A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies Author(s): Szoke A, Galliot AM, Richard JR, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatry research
Volume: 219
Page numbers: 58-66
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Association between cannabis and psychiatric hospitalization Author(s): Schubart CD, Boks MP, Breetvelt EJ, van Gastel WA, Groenwold RH, Ophoff RA, Sommer IE, Kahn RS
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Volume: 123
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 368-375
Keywords: cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2011

Association between cannabis use and non-traffic injuries Author(s): Barrio G, Jiménez-Mejías E, Pulido J, Lardelli-Claret P, Bravo MJ, de la Fuente L
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident, Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 47
Page numbers: 172-176
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2012

Association between age at onset of psychosis and age at onset of cannabis use in non-affective psychosis Author(s): Galvez-Buccollini JA, Proal AC, Tomaselli V, Trachtenberg M, Coconcea C, Chun J, Manschreck T, Fleming J, Delisi LE.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 139
Issue: 41699
Page numbers: 157-160
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Association between cannabis and cocaine use, traffic injuries and use of protective devices Author(s): Pulido, J., Barrio, G., Lardelli, P., Bravo, M.J., Regidor, E., & de la Fuente, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European Journal of Public Health
Volume: 21
Page numbers: 753-755
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2011

Assessment of hospice health professionals' knowledge, views, and experience with medical marijuana Author(s): Uritsky, T.J., McPherson, M.L. & Pradel, F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Palliative Medicine
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 1291-1295
Keywords: cannabis attitudes
Year Published: 2011

Association between a cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) polymorphism and cannabinoid-induced alterations of the auditory event-related P300 potential Author(s): Stadelmann AM, Juckel G, Arning L, Gallinat J, Epplen JT, Roser P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuroscience Letters
Volume: 496
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 60-64
Keywords: cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

Assessing Need for Marijuana Dependence Treatment Through an Anonymous Telephone Interview Author(s): Roffman, Roger A.; Barnhart, Robert
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The International Journal of the Addictions
Volume: 22
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 639-651
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 1987

Assessing the economic consequences of two cannabis policy options Author(s): Shanahan, M.
Document type: Book
Keywords: cannabis economy cost effects burden
Year Published: 2011

Asking the right questions in the right way: the need for a shift in research on psychological treatments for addiction Author(s): Orford, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 103
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 875
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2008

Are Australian treatment agencies equipped to deal with rising numbers of presentations for cannabis issues? Author(s): Frewen, A.R., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Tropical Psychology
Volume: 1
Page numbers: 27-30
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2011

Are cannabis prevalence estimates comparable across countries and regions? A cross-cultural validation using search engine query data Author(s): Steppan, M., Kraus, L., Piontek, D., Siciliano, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Drug Policy
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Abstract: Background Prevalence estimation of cannabis use is usually based on self-report data. Although there is evidence on the reliability of this data source, its cross-cultural validity is still a major concern. External objective criteria are needed for this purpose. In this study, cannabis-related search engine query data are used as an external criterion. Methods Data on cannabis use were taken from the 2007 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Provincial data came from three Italian nation-wide studies using the same methodology (2006–2008; ESPAD-Italia). Information on cannabis-related search engine query data was based on Google search volume indices (GSI). (1) Reliability analysis was conducted for GSI. (2) Latent measurement models of “true” cannabis prevalence were tested using perceived availability, web-based cannabis searches and self-reported prevalence as indicators. (3) Structure models were set up to test the influences of response tendencies and geographical position (latitude, longitude). In order to test the stability of the models, analyses were conducted on country level (Europe, US) and on provincial level in Italy. Results Cannabis-related GSI were found to be highly reliable and constant over time. The overall measurement model was highly significant in both data sets. On country level, no significant effects of response bias indicators and geographical position on perceived availability, web-based cannabis searches and self-reported prevalence were found. On provincial level, latitude had a significant positive effect on availability indicating that perceived availability of cannabis in northern Italy was higher than expected from the other indicators. Conclusion Although GSI showed weaker associations with cannabis use than perceived availability, the findings underline the external validity and usefulness of search engine query data as external criteria. The findings suggest an acceptable relative comparability of national (provincial) prevalence estimates of cannabis use that are based on a common survey methodology. Search engine query data are a too weak indicator to base prevalence estimations on this source only, but in combination with other sources (waste water analysis, sales of cigarette paper) they may provide satisfactory estimates.
Year Published: 2012

Are psychotic experiences among detained juvenile offenders explained by trauma and substance use? Author(s): Colins, O.; Vermeiren, R.; Vreugdenhil, C.; Schuyten, G.; Broekaert, E.; Krabbendam, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 100
Page numbers: 39-46
Keywords: mental illness substance use
Year Published: 2009

Applying technology to the treatment of cannabis use disorder: Comparing telephone versus Internet delivery using data from two completed trials Author(s): Rooke, S. E., Gates, P. J., Norberg, M. M., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 46
Page numbers: 78-84
Keywords: cannabis, health, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Approach to cannabis use disorder in primary care: Focus on youth and other high-risk users Author(s): Turner SD, Spithoff S and Kahan M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien
Volume: 60
Page numbers: 801-808
Keywords: cannabis, dependence, adolescence, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Anxiety sensitivity and marijuana use: an analysis from ecological momentary assessment Author(s): Buckner JD, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JA, Norton PJ, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Schmidt NB
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Depression and Anxiety
Volume: 28
Issue: 5
Page numbers: 420-426
Keywords: cannabis anxiety
Year Published: 2011

Apparent inverse relationship between cannabinoid agonist efficacy and tolerance/cross-tolerance produced by Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol treatment in Rhesus monkeys Author(s): Hruba, L., Ginsburg, B.C. & McMahon, L.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Volume: 342
Page numbers: 843-849
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids on hepatocellular carcinoma: Role of AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy Author(s): Vara, D., Salazar, M., Olea-Herrero, N., Guzmán, M., Velasco, G., & Díaz-Laviada, I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Cell Death and Differentiation
Volume: 18
Page numbers: 1099-1111
Keywords: cannabis cancer
Year Published: 2011

Anxiety mediates the association between cannabis use and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms Author(s): Reeves LE, Anglin DM, Heimberg RG, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychiatry research
Volume: 218
Page numbers: 180-186
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescence, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Antagonist-elicited cannabis withdrawal in humans Author(s): Gorelick, D.A., Goodwin, R.S., Schwilke, E., Schwope, D.M., Darwin, W.D., Kelly, D.L., McMahon, R.P., Liu, F., Ortemann-Renon, C., Bonnet, D., & Huestis, M.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
Volume: 31
Page numbers: 603-612
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids withdrawal
Year Published: 2011

Antecedents and outcomes of marijuana use initiation during adolescence Author(s): Phyllis L. Ellickson, Joan S. Tucker, David J. Klein, & Hilary Saner
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Preventive Medicine
Volume: 39
Page numbers: 976-984
Keywords: cannabis adolescents epidemiology
Year Published: 2004

Analysis of cannabis seizures in NSW, Australia: cannabis potency and cannabinoid profile Author(s): Swift, W., Wong, A., Li, K. M., Arnold, J. C., McGregor, I. S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: PLoS ONE
Volume: 8
Issue: e70052
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, potency
Year Published: 2013

Analysis of THCA synthase gene expression in cannabis: A preliminary study by real-time quantitative PCR Author(s): Cascini F, Passerotti S, Boschi I
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 231
Page numbers: 208-212
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, genetics
Year Published: 2013

Analysis of 11-nor-?(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid and its glucuronide in urine by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry Author(s): Iwamuro, Y., Iio-Ishimaru, R., Chinaka, S., Takayama, N., & Hayakawa, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Biomedical Chromatography
Volume: 26
Page numbers: 1452-1456
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, urinalysis
Year Published: 2012

Analysis of cannabinoids in laser-microdissected trichomes of medicinal cannabis sativa using LCMS and cryogenic NMR Author(s): Happyana, N., Agnolet, S., Muntendam, R., Van Dam, A., Schneider, B., & Kayser, O.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Phytochemistry
Volume: 87
Page numbers: 51-59
Keywords: cannabis, medicinal
Year Published: 2013

An Internet survey of marijuana and hot shower use in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). Author(s): Venkatesan T, Sengupta J, Lodhi A, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Experimental brain research
Volume: 232
Page numbers: 2563-2570
Year Published: 2014

An investigation of stigma in individuals receiving treatment for substance abuse Author(s): Luoma, J.B., Twohig, M.P., Waltz, T., Hayes, S.C., Roget, N., Padilla, M. & Fisher, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 32
Page numbers: 1331 - 1346
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

An exploratory study of cannabis withdrawal among Indigenous Australian prison inmates: study protocol Author(s): Rogerson, B., Copeland, J., Buttner, P., Bohanna, I., Cadet-James, Y., Sarnyai, Z., Clough, A. R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: BMJ Open
Volume: 3
Keywords: cannabis, indigenous, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

An initial trial of a computerized behavioral intervention for cannabis use disorder Author(s): Budney AJ, Fearer S, Walker DD, Stanger C, Thostenson J, Grabinski M, Bickel WK
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 115
Issue: 41671
Page numbers: 74-79
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2011

An experimental investigation about the effect of cannabis on car driving behaviour Author(s): Kielholz, P.; Hobi, V.; Ladewig, D.; Miest, P.; Richter, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmakopsychiatrie Neuro-Psychopharmakologie
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 91-103
Notes: Kielholz P Hobi V Ladewig D Miest P Richter R Germany, west Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
ISBN: 0031-7098
Year Published: 1973

An exploratory study of cannabis withdrawal among Indigenous Australian prison inmates: study protocol Author(s): Rogerson, B., Copeland, J., Buttner, P., Bohanna, I., Cadet-James, Y., Samyai, Z., Clough, A. R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: BMJ Open
Volume: 3
Issue: e002951
Keywords: cannabis, Indigenous, epidemiology, withdrawal
Year Published: 2013

An evidence based review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions Author(s): Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Addiction Medicine
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 41852
Keywords: Cannabis long-term health effects
Year Published: 2011

An experimental approach to driver evaluation using alcohol drinkers and marihuana smokers Author(s): Binder, Arnold
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Accident Analysis and Prevention
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 237-256
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Evaluated the effects of marihuana smoking and various levels of blood alcohol upon several components of the driving task. To gain certain advantages of the epidemiological method in the experimental setting, 60 Ss were recruited from bars and parties where they had been drinking alcoholic beverages or smoking marihuana in a manner and amount that was customary in the context. 27 Ss returned for nonalcoholic and nonmarihuana runs. 24 alcohol and marihuana control Ss were tested twice. It was found that (a) performance decrement increased with blood alcohol content, (b) differences in performance found under alcohol were in evidence among the same Ss in nonalcohol trials, (c) marihuana produced performance decrement but apparently to a much lesser degree than alcohol, and (d) Es could predict the motor performance of the drinking Ss by observation of their behavior just prior to the experimental run. (French & German summaries) (34 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0001-4575
Language : English
Year Published: 1971

An evaluation of the proposed DSM-5 cannabis use disorder criteria using Australian national survey data Author(s): Mewton, L., Slade, T., Teesson, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 74
Page numbers: 614-621
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

An evaluation of the sensitivity of the Standardised Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs) to detect impairment due to marijuana intoxication Author(s): Papafotiou, K.; Carter, J.; Stough, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 180
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 107-114
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis other
Abstract: The Standardised Field Sobriety Tests (SFST) were developed to test for alcohol intoxication but are currently being used by the State Police of Victoria (Australia) to test for driving impairment associated with drugs other than alcohol. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the SFSTs provide a sensitive measure of impairment following the consumption of a drug other than alcohol: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC or cannabis). In a repeated-measures design, 40 participants consumed cigarettes that contained either 0% THC (placebo), 1.74% THC (low dose) or 2.93% THC (high dose). For each condition, after smoking a cigarette, participants performed the SFSTs on three occasions: 5 min (Time 1), 55 min (Time 2) and 105 min (Time 3) after the smoking procedure had been completed. The results revealed that there was a positive relationship between the dose of THC administered and the number of participants classified as impaired based on the SFSTs. Results also revealed that the percentage of participants classified as impaired decreased from Time 1 to Time 3 and that the addition of a new sign, head movements or jerks (HMJ), increased the percentage of participants classified as impaired in both the low and high THC conditions. These findings suggest that impaired performance on the SFSTs is positively related to the dose of THC administered and that the inclusion of HMJ as a scored sign in the SFSTs improves their predictive validity when testing for THC intoxication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 0033-3158 1432-2072
Language : English
Year Published: 2005

An Evaluation of the Proposed DSM-5 Cannabis Use Disorder Criteria Using Australian National Survey Data Author(s): Mewton L, Slade T, Teesson M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 74
Page numbers: 614-621
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

An Australian twin study of cannabis and other illicit drug use and misuse, and other psychopathology Author(s): Lynskey, M.T., Agrawal, A., Henders, A., Nelson, E.C., Madden, P.A., & Martin, N.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Twin Research and Human Genetics
Volume: 15
Page numbers: 631-641
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology psychosis
Year Published: 2012

An assessment of the compatibility of DSM-IV and proposed DSM-5 criteria in the diagnosis of cannabis use disorders Author(s): Kopak, A.M., Proctor, S.L. & Hoffmann, N.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Use and Misuse
Volume: 47
Page numbers: 1328-1338
Keywords: cannabis disorder treatment
Year Published: 2012

Amphetamine-related presentations to an inner-city tertiary emergency department: a prospective evaluation Author(s): Gray, S.D.; Fatovich, D.M.; McCoubrie, D.L.; Daly, F.F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medical Journal of Australia
Volume: 186
Page numbers: 336-339
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2007

An age-period-cohort analysis of cannabis use prevalence and frequency in Germany, 1990-2009 Author(s): Piontek, D., Kraus, L., Pabst, A., & Legleye, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Volume: 66
Page numbers: 908-913
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Altered cerebral blood flow and neurocognitive correlates in adolescent cannabis users Author(s): Jacobus J, Goldenberg D, Wierenga CE, Tolentino NJ, Liu TT, Tapert SF.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 222
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 675-684
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2012

Alterations of theory of mind network activation in chronic cannabis users Author(s): Roser P, Lissek S, Tegenthoff M, Nicolas V, Juckel G, Brüne M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: 139
Issue: 41699
Page numbers: 19-26
Keywords: cannabis cognition
Year Published: 2012

Altered brain activation during visuomotor integration in chronic active cannabis users: Relationship to cortisol levels Author(s): King, G.R., Ernst, T., Deng, W., Stenger, A., Gonzales, R.M., Nakama, H., & Chang, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Neuroscience
Volume: 31
Page numbers: 17923-17931
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids biology
Year Published: 2011

Alcohol-drug interactions: Perspectives on research and prevention Author(s): Doria, J
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Alcohol Health and Research World
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 15-17
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 1990

Alcohol and other drugs in road crashes: What does pharmacokinetics have to do with it? Author(s): Chesher, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Alcohol, Drugs and Driving
Volume: 1
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 43831
Notes: Journal Peer-Reviewed Status-Unknown
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Discusses problems faced by researchers trying to identify drug-induced impairment in driving ability by measuring the concentrations of a drug in the blood. The unique pharmacokinetic properties of alcohol make a reasonable estimation of impairment possible from blood alcohol content; this parameter can also be determined from the alcohol concentration of a breath sample. The absorption, distribution, and metabolism of alcohol differ from other drugs that are likely to impair driving. Blood concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component in marihuana, cannot be clearly related to impairment, although detection of THC in plasma provides some evidence. Prescription drugs, which vary greatly, offer similar problems in attempting correlations. Drugs most likely to be involved in vehicular accidents include cannabis, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and antihistamines. The drug-driving problem can probably not be approached successfully by the alcohol model, although some modified model may be used for detection of cannabis. (34 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0891-7086
Language : English
Year Published: 1985

Alcohol, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants use among young Pacific Islanders. Author(s): Howard, J., Ali, H., Robins, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Page numbers: 101-104
Keywords: Cannabis stimulant pacific islanders
Year Published: 0

Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia 2009-10: Report on the National Minimum Data Set. (Drug Treatment Series, No. 14) Author(s): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)
Document type: Government Document
Year Published: 2011

Alcohol and cannabis use and mortality in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders Author(s): Koola MM, McMahon RP, Wehring HJ, Liu F, Mackowick KM, Warren KR, Feldman S, Shim JC, Love RC, Kelly DL.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: 46
Issue: 8
Page numbers: 987-993
Keywords: cannabis schizophrenia
Year Published: 2012

Alcohol and drug use in groups of cannabis users: results from a survey on drug use in the Swedish general population Author(s): Berge, J., Hakansson, A., & Berglund, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 272-279
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2014

Alcohol and cannabis abuse/dependence symptoms and life satisfaction in young adulthood Author(s): Swain NR, Gibb SJ, Horwood LJ, Fergusson DM.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 327-333
Keywords: cannabis dependence epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Alcohol and cannabis use and mortality in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders Author(s): Koolaa, M. M., McMahona, R. P., Wehringa, H. J., Liua, F., Mackowickb, K. M., Warrena, K. R., ... Kelly, D. L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume: Advanced online publication
Year Published: 2012

Age moderates non-genetic influences on the initiation of cannabis use: A twin-sibling study in Dutch adolescents and young adults Author(s): Distel, M.A., Vink, J.M., Bartels, M., van Beijsterveldt, C.E., Neale, M.C., & Boomsma, D.I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 106
Page numbers: 1658-1666
Keywords: cannabis youth initiation genetics
Year Published: 2011

Age at onset of schizophrenia: Cannabis, COMT gene, and their interactions Author(s): De Sousa, K.R., Tiwari, A.K., Giuffra, D.E., Mackenzie, B., Zai, C.C. & Kennedy, J.L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, schizophrenia
Year Published: 2013

Age at onset of psychotic disorder: Cannabis, BDNF Val66Met, and sex-specific models of gene-environment interaction Author(s): Decoster, J., van Os, J., Kenis, G., Henquet, C., Peuskens, J., De Hert, M., & van Winkel, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Medical Genetics
Volume: 156
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 363-369
Keywords: Cannabis Schizophrenia
Year Published: 2011

Age at initiation of amphetamine use and age at onset of psychosis: The Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis Author(s): Power, B.D., Stefanis, N.C., Dragovic, M., Jablensky, A., Castle, D., Morgan, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Research
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Age at onset of non-affective psychosis in relation to cannabis use, other drug use and gender Author(s): Dekker, N., Meijer, J., Koeter, M., van den Brink, W., van Beveren, N.; GROUP Investigators:, Kahn, R.S., Linszen, D.H., van Os, J., Wiersma, D., Bruggeman, R., Cahn, W., de Haan, L., Krabbendam, L., & Myin-Germeys, I.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 42
Page numbers: 1903-1911
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology psychosis
Year Published: 2012

Age and sex differences in factors associated with the onset of cannabis use: a cohort study Author(s): Guxens, M., Nebot, M., & Ariza, C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 88
Page numbers: 234-243
Keywords: cannabis epidemiology
Year Published: 2007

Age at drinking onset, alcohol dependence, and their relation to drug use and dependence, driving under the influence of drugs, and motor-vehicle crash involvement because of drugs Author(s): Hingson, Ralph W.; Heeren, Timothy; Edwards, Erika M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Volume: 69
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 192-201
Notes: References Journal Peer Reviewed Journal
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Objective: We explored among people who ever consumed alcohol whether early age at drinking onset and alcohol dependence predicted drug use and dependence. We also examined among drinkers who have used drugs whether they also predict driving under the influence of drugs and motor-vehicle crash involvement because of drugs. Method: A U.S. national sample of 42,867 persons age 18 and older was surveyed in 1991-1992 (response rate = 90%). Logistic regression examined these potential associations among 27,616 respondents who ever drank alcohol, controlling for numerous demographic and personal characteristics. Results: Among "ever" drinkers, 22% used drugs, 10% had driven under the influence of drugs, and nearly 1% was in a motor-vehicle crash because of drug use, the equivalent of 1 million people. The younger the age of respondents when they first began drinking and whether they ever experienced alcohol dependence were independently associated with greater odds of ever using drugs and experiencing drug dependence. Among persons who consumed alcohol and drugs, having ever experienced drug dependence was the strongest predictor of driving under the influence of drugs and motor-vehicle crash involvement because of drug use. After controlling for drug dependence and age at first drug use, having experienced alcohol dependence was also independently associated with both outcomes. Conclusions: Efforts to prevent drug-related crashes should include drug use prevention and treatment, as well as prevention of early alcohol use and treatment of alcohol dependence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
ISBN: 1937-1888
Language : English
Year Published: 2008

Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Cannabis Craving and Use in Non-Treatment Seeking Cannabis-Dependent Adults Author(s): Buchowski, M.S., Meade, N.N., Charboneau, E., Park, S., Dietrich, M.S., Cowan, R.L., Martin, P.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: PLoS ONE
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page numbers: e17465
Keywords: Cannabis treatment exercise
Abstract: Background Cannabis dependence is a significant public health problem. Because there are no approved medications for this condition, treatment must rely on behavioral approaches empirically complemented by such lifestyle change as exercise. Aims To examine the effects of moderate aerobic exercise on cannabis craving and use in cannabis dependent adults under normal living conditions. Design Participants attended 10 supervised 30-min treadmill exercise sessions standardized using heart rate (HR) monitoring (60–70% HR reserve) over 2 weeks. Exercise sessions were conducted by exercise physiologists under medical oversight. Participants Sedentary or minimally active non-treatment seeking cannabis-dependent adults (n = 12, age 25±3 years, 8 females) met criteria for primary cannabis dependence using the Substance Abuse module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Measurements Self-reported drug use was assessed for 1-week before, during, and 2-weeks after the study. Participants viewed visual cannabis cues before and after exercise in conjunction with assessment of subjective cannabis craving using the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ-SF). Findings Daily cannabis use within the run-in period was 5.9 joints per day (SD = 3.1, range 1.8–10.9). Average cannabis use levels within the exercise (2.8 joints, SD = 1.6, range 0.9–5.4) and follow-up (4.1 joints, SD = 2.5, range 1.1–9.5) periods were lower than during the run-in period (both P
Year Published: 2011

African-American crack abusers and drug treatment initiation: barriers and effects of a pretreatment intervention Author(s): Wechsberg, W.; Zule, W.A.; Riehman, K.S.; Luseno, W.K.; Lam, W.K.K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 2
Issue: 10
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2007

Adverse health effects of marijuana use Author(s): Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., Weiss, S. R. B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine
Volume: 370
Page numbers: 2219-2227
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Adversity, cannabis use and psychotic experiences: evidence of cumulative and synergistic effects Author(s): Morgan, C., Reininghaus, U., Reichenberg, A., Frissa, S., Hotopf, M., & Hatch, S. L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 204
Page numbers: 346-353
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

Adverse effects of marijuana Author(s): Mallaret, M.; Dal'Bo-Rohrer, D.; Dematteis, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Revue du Praticien
Volume: 55
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 41-49
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Abstract: When admitted in an emergency unit, young patients often present acute neurological effects of smoked marijuana. Other chronic adverse effects of marijuana are probably underestimated: postural syncope, arteritis, chronic bronchitis, amnesia. Marijuana may trigger a myocardial infarction and have a vasospastic effect. Marijuana has impairing effects on driving ability. Smoked marijuana is a potential respiratory tract carcinogen. Show more…
ISBN: 0035-2640
Year Published: 2005

Adverse effects of marijuana Author(s): Mallaret, M.; Dal'Bo-Rohrer, D.; Dematteis, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Revue du Praticien
Volume: 55
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 41-49
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Abstract: When admitted in an emergency unit, young patients often present acute neurological effects of smoked marijuana. Other chronic adverse effects of marijuana are probably underestimated: postural syncope, arteritis, chronic bronchitis, amnesia. Marijuana may trigger a myocardial infarction and have a vasospastic effect. Marijuana has impairing effects on driving ability. Smoked marijuana is a potential respiratory tract carcinogen.
ISBN: 0035-2640
Year Published: 2005

Adverse effects of cannabis and cannabinoids Author(s): Ashton, C.H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: British Journal of Anaesthesia
Volume: 83
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 637-649
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1999

Adverse effects of cannabis on health: an update of the literature since 1996 Author(s): Kalant, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 28
Page numbers: 849-863
Year Published: 2004

Advances in Schizophrenia Research 2009 Author(s): McGrath, J., Degenhardt, L.
Document type: Book Section
Page numbers: 367-376
Keywords: Cannabis Schizophrenia
Year Published: 2010

Adult Marijuana Users Seeking Treatment Author(s): Stephens, R.S.; Roffman, R.A.; Simpson, E.E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 61
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 1100-1104
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1993

Adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence: a comparison with cocaine-dependent treatment seekers Author(s): Budney, A.J., Radonovich, K.J., Higgins, S.T. & Wong, C.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Experimental and Clinical Psychology
Volume: 6
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 419 - 426
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1998

Adolescent bullying, cannabis use and emerging psychotic experiences: A longitudinal general population study Author(s): Mackie, C.J., O'Leary-Barrett, M., Al-Khudhairy, N., Castellanos-Ryan, N., Struve, M., Topper, L., & Conrod, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 1033-1044
Keywords: cannabis, psychosis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Adolescent self-control predicts joint trajectories of marijuana use and depressive mood into young adulthood among urban African Americans and Puerto Ricans Author(s): Pahl K, Brook JS and Lee JY.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of behavioral medicine
Volume: 37
Page numbers: 675-682
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescence
Year Published: 2014

Adolescent and Therapist Perception of Barriers to Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Author(s): Mensinger, J.L.; Diamond, G.S.; Kaminer, Y.; Wintersteen, M.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 15
Page numbers: 16-25
Keywords: motivation coercion in treatment
Year Published: 2006

Addiction: pregnenolone limits effects of cannabis Author(s): Welberg, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Volume: 15
Page numbers: 66-67
Keywords: cannabis, health, treatment
Year Published: 2014

Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: Clinical and laboratory findings Author(s): Hermanns-Clausen, M., Kneisel, S., Szabo, B., & Auwärter, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 108
Page numbers: 534-544
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids
Year Published: 2013

Acute effects of marihuana smoking on maximal exercise performance Author(s): Renaud, A.M.; Cormier, Y.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Volume: 18
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 685-689
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1986

Acute cardiovascular fatalities following cannabis use Author(s): Bachs, L.; Morland, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 124
Page numbers: 200-203
Year Published: 2001

Acute and residual effects of marijuana in humans Author(s): Fant, R.V.; Heishman, S.J.; Bunker, E.B.; Pickworth, W.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
Volume: 60
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 777-784
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1998

Access to Substance Abuse Treatment and Mental Health Services: A Literature Review Author(s): Woodward, A.
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2006

Abuse potential and psychoactive effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol oromucosal spray (Sativex), a new cannabinoid medicine Author(s): Robson, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
Volume: 10
Page numbers: 675-685
Keywords: Cannabis Sativex
Year Published: 2011

Abstinence and moderate use goals in the treatment of marijuana dependence Author(s): Lozano, B.E., Stephens, R.S. & Roffman, R.A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 101
Page numbers: 1589 - 1597
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2006

A vision of the next generation of behavioral therapies research in the addictions* Author(s): Carroll, K. M. & Rounsaville, B. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 102
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 850-862
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2007

A universal harm-minimisation approach to preventing psychostimulant and cannabis use in adolescents: a cluster randomised controlled trial Author(s): Vogl, L. E., Newton, N. C., Champion, K. E., Teesson, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
Volume: 9
Issue: 24
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, treatment
Year Published: 2014

A tale of CIN—the Cannabis Infringement Notice scheme in Western Australia Author(s): Lenton, S., Allsop, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Page numbers: 806-816
Keywords: Cannabis Law
Year Published: 0

A universal harm-minimisation approach to preventing psychostimulant and cannabis use in adolescents: a cluster randomised controlled trial Author(s): Vogl, L. E., Newton, N. C., Champion, K. E., & Teesson, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 9
Page numbers: 24
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, technology
Year Published: 2014

A systematic review of the impact of brief interventions on substance use and co-morbid physical and mental health conditions Author(s): Kaner, E. F. S., Brown, N., Jackson, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Mental Health and Substance Use
Page numbers: 38-61
Year Published: 2011

A survey of the potency of Japanese illicit cannabis in fiscal year 2010 Author(s): Tsumura, Y., Aoki, R., Tokieda, Y., Akutsu, M., Kawase, Y., Kataoka, T., Takagi, T., Mizuno, T., Fukada, M., Fujii, H., & Kurahashi, K.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 221
Page numbers: 77-83
Keywords: cannabis potency
Year Published: 2012

A study on the concentrations of 11-nor-?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in hair root and whole hair Author(s): Han, E., Choi, H., Lee, S., Chung, H., & Song, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: For
Volume: 210
Page numbers: 201-205
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

A service-level action research intervention to improve identification and treatment of cannabis and related mental health issues in young Indigenous Australians: a study protocol Author(s): Bohanna, I., Bird, K., Copeland, J., Roberts, N. & Clough, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: BMJ Open
Volume: 4
Issue: e005689
Page numbers: Doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005689
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, dependence
Year Published: 2014

A simulator study of the effects of alcohol and marihuana on driving behavior Author(s): Stein, Anthony C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Dissertation Abstracts International
Volume: 46
Issue: 3-B
Page numbers: 991
Keywords: cannabis driving
Language : English
Year Published: 1985

A review of drug use and driving: epidemiology, impairment, risk factor and risk perceptions Author(s): Kelly, Erin; Darke, Shane; Ross, Joanne
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 23
Page numbers: 319-344
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2004

A review of the published literature into cannabis withdrawal symptoms in human users Author(s): Smith, N.T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 621 - 632
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal craving
Year Published: 2002

A retrospective study of drugged driving in Norway Author(s): Bjorneboe, A.; Bjorneboe, G.; Gjerde, H.; Bugge, A.; Drevon, C.; Morland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 33
Page numbers: 243-251
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 1987

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of venlafaxine-extended release for co-occurring cannabis dependence and depressive disorders Author(s): Levin, F.R., Mariani, J., Brooks, D.J., Pavlicova, M., Nunes, E.V., Agosti, V., Bisaga, A., Sullivan, M.A., & Carpenter, K.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 108
Page numbers: 1084-1094
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2013

A rare case of cannabis hyperemesis syndrome relieved by hot water bathing Author(s): Warner, B., Cairns, S. & Stone, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Medicine
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 86-87
Keywords: cannabis, health
Year Published: 2014

A randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a brief cannabis universal prevention program among adolescents in primary care Author(s): Walton, M. A., Resko, S., Barry, K. L., Chermack, S. T., Zucker, R. A., Zimmerman, M. A., & Blow, F. C.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 109
Page numbers: 786-797
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, treatment
Year Published: 2014

A randomized controlled trial of a brief motivational enhancement for non-treatment-seeking adolescent cannabis users Author(s): de Gee EA, Verdurmen JE, Bransen E, de Jonge JM and Schippers GM.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of substance abuse treatment
Volume: 47
Page numbers: 181-188
Keywords: cannabis, treatment
Year Published: 2014

A randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive-behavioural interventions for cannabis use disorder Author(s): Copeland, J., Swift, W., Roffman, R. & Stephens, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 21
Page numbers: 55 - 64
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 2001

A questionnaire survey of patients and carers of patients prescribed Sativex as an unlicensed medicine Author(s): Notcutt, W.G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Primary Health Care Research and Development
Volume: 14
Page numbers: 192-199
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoid, Sativex
Year Published: 2013

A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Formal Treatment Among Women Who Self-Managed Change in Addictive Behaviours Author(s): Copeland, Jan
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 183 - 190
Keywords: brief psychological treatments
Year Published: 1997

A quantitative exploration of attitudes out of line with the prevailing norms toward alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use among European students Author(s): Beck, F., Legleye, S., Chomynova, P., & Miller, P.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Substance Use Misuse
Volume: 49
Page numbers: 877-890
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, adolescents
Year Published: 2014

A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Study of Gabapentin: Effects on Cannabis Use, Withdrawal and Executive Function Deficits in Cannabis-Dependent Adults Author(s): Mason BJ, Crean R, Goodell V, Light JM, Quello S, Shadan F, Buffkins K, Kyle M, Adusumalli M, Begovic A, Rao S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume: 37
Issue: 7
Page numbers: 1689-1698
Keywords: cannabis withdrawal
Year Published: 2012

A Preliminary Trial: Double-Blind Comparison of Nefazodone, Bupropion-SR, and Placebo in the Treatment of Cannabis Dependence Author(s): Carpenter, M.; McDowell, D.; Brooks, D.; Cheng, W.; Levine, F.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The American Journal on Addictions
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 53-64
Keywords: cannabis pharmacotherapies detoxification
Year Published: 2009

A postal intervention for dependent cannabis users Author(s): Norberg MM, Wright T, Hickey K, Copeland J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 320-326
Keywords: Cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2012

A preliminary investigation on the distribution of cannabinoids in man Author(s): Gronewold, A. & Skopp, G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 210
Page numbers: 41950
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

A postal intervention for dependent cannabis users Author(s): Norberg, M. M., Wright, T., Hickey, K., Copeland, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Review
Volume: 31
Page numbers: 320-326
Keywords: Cannabis treatment
Year Published: 2012

A pilot study of an online universal school-based intervention to prevent alcohol and cannabis use in the UK Author(s): Newton, N. C., Conrod, P. J., Rodriguez, D. M., & Teesson, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: BMJ Open
Volume: 4
Page numbers: e004750
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents, treatment
Year Published: 2014

A pilot study of alcohol and drug-related traffic accidents and death in two Jamaican parishes, 1991 Author(s): Francis, M.; Eldemire, D.; Clifford, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: West Indian Medical Journal
Volume: 44
Issue: 3
Page numbers: 99-101
Notes: Francis M Eldemire D Clifford R Jamaica Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: This study is a preliminary effort to document the role of drugs in motor vehicle accidents as it examines the presence of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine in blood samples of thirty-one motor vehicle fatalities. The study identified that males (90.3%) and pedestrians (41.9%) were killed most often. Evidence of alcohol intake was found in 77.5% of the fatalities and 35.5% had alcohol levels above the legal acceptable limits. Traces of marijuana were found in 22.5% and a combination of alcohol and marijuana in 22.5% of the victims.
ISBN: 0043-3144
Year Published: 1995

A meta-analytic review of school-based prevention for cannabis use Author(s): Porath-Waller, A.J., Beasley, E., Beirness, D.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Human Education & Behavior
Page numbers: 709-723
Keywords: Cannabis treatment youth
Year Published: 0

A new approach to developing clinically-based guidelines: the experience of developing guidelines for management of drug dependent women and neonates and for cannabis dependence Author(s): Frewen, A., Molan, J., Ritter, A., Bell, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: International Journal of Person Centered Medicine
Volume: 2
Page numbers: 870-877
Keywords: cannabis, guidelines,
Year Published: 2012

A longitudinal study of the effects of tobacco and cannabis exposure on lung function in young adults Author(s): Taylor, D.R.; Fergusson, D.M.; Milne, B.J.; Horwood, J.; Moffitt, T.E.; Sears, M.R.; Poulton, R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 97
Page numbers: 1055-1061
Keywords: cannabis tobacco gateway arguments
Year Published: 2002

A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce adolescent cannabis use Author(s): Bender, K., Tripodi, S. J., Sarteschi, C., Vaughn, M. G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Research on Social Work Practice
Volume: 21
Page numbers: 153-164
Keywords: cannabis youth treatment
Year Published: 2011

A literature review to assess the reliability and validity of measures appropriate for use in research to evaluate the efficacy of a brief harm reduction strategy in reducing cannabis use among people with schizophrenia in acute inpatient settings - Journ Author(s): Laker, C.J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
Volume: 15
Page numbers: 777-783
Keywords: assessments methodology statistics
Year Published: 2008

A genome-wide association study of DSM-IV cannabis dependence Author(s): Agrawal, A., Lynskey, M.T., Hinrichs, A., Grucza, R., Saccone, S.F., Krueger, R., Neuman, R., Howells, W., Fisher, S., Fox, L., Cloninger, R., Dick, D.M., Doheny, K.F., Edenberg, H.J., Goate, A.M., Hesselbrock, V., Johnson, E., Kramer, J., Kuperman, S., N
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Biology
Volume: 16
Page numbers: 514-518
Keywords: cannabis addiction dependence biology
Year Published: 2011

A Hybrid Cost Function for Outpatient Nonmethadone Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities Author(s): Duffy, S.Q.; Dunlap, L.J.; Feder, M.; Zarkin, G.A.
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: cannabis opiod treatment programs
Year Published: 2006

A fatal motor-car accident and cannabis use. Investigation by radioimmunoassay Author(s): Teale, D.; Marks, V.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Lancet
Volume: 1
Issue: 7965
Page numbers: 884-885
Notes: Teale D Marks V England Case Reports Journal Article
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Impairment of driving skills by drugs is an important cause of traffic accidents. Alcohol is the most important, though far from the only, drug involved; and of 684 fatal accidents investigated by Woodhouse, 321 (47%) of the drivers had blood-alcohol levels greater than 100 mg/100 ml at the time of death. In 16 it exceeded 400 mg/100 ml. Unlike alcohol, cannabis has received little attention as a possible cause of traffic accidents, largely owing to the difficulty of proving cannabis use objectively. The recent development of a reliable and relatively simple method for detecting and measuring cannabis products in blood and urine may help to overcome this difficulty. As Milner has pointed out, the full effect of alcohol on driving competence was not appreciated until objective methods of measuring blood-alcohol levels became generally available. The same may be true of cannabis.
ISBN: 0140-6736
Year Published: 1976

A genetic perspective on the proposed inclusion of cannabis withdrawal in DSM-5 Author(s): Verweij, K.J., Agrawal, A., Nat, N.O., Creemers, H.E., Huizink, A.C., Martin, N.G., & Lynskey, M.T.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychological Medicine
Volume: 43
Page numbers: 1713-1722
Keywords: cannabis, measurement, withdrawal
Year Published: 2013

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of THC/CBD spray in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment Author(s): Serpell M, Ratcliffe S, Hovorka J, et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: European journal of pain (London, England)
Volume: 18
Page numbers: 999-1012
Keywords: cannabis, cannabinoids, medical use, medicinal
Year Published: 2014

A comparison of motives for marijuana and alcohol use among experienced users Author(s): Simons, J.; Correia, C.J.; Carey, K.B.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addictive Behaviours
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 153-160
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 2000

A comparison of the nutritional status and food security of drug-using and non-drug-using Hispanic women in Hartford, Connecticut Author(s): Himmelgreen, D.A.; Pérez-Escamilla, R.; Segura-Millán, S.; Romero-Daza, N.; Tanasescu, M.; Singer, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Volume: 107
Issue: 351-361
Keywords: cannabis other physical health
Year Published: 1998

A comparison of independent depression and substance-induced depression in cannabis-, cocaine-, and opioid-dependent treatment seekers Author(s): Dakwar, E., Nunes, E.V., Bisaga, A., Carpenter, K.C., Mariani, J.P., Sullivan, M.A., Raby, W.N., & Levin, F.R.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journal of Addictions
Volume: 20
Page numbers: 441-446
Keywords: cannabis treatment depression
Year Published: 2011

A comparison of mainstream and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions Author(s): Moir, D.M.; Rickert, W.S.; Levasseur, G.; Larose, Y.; Maertens, R.; White, P.; Desjardins, S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Chemical Research in Toxicology
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Page numbers: 494-502
Keywords: cannabis tobacco gateway arguments
Year Published: 2007

A comparative study on some chemical and biological characteristics of various samples of cannabis resin Author(s): Grlie, L.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Bulletin on Narcotics
Page numbers: 37-46
Keywords: Cannabis
Year Published: 1976

A comparative study on the concentrations of 11-nor-delta-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in head and pubic hair Author(s): Han, E., Choi, H., Lee, S., Chung, H., & Song, J.M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Forensic Science International
Volume: 212
Page numbers: 238-241
Keywords: cannabis cannabinoids
Year Published: 2011

A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 Author(s): Lim, S. S., … Bucello, C., Calabria, B., Degenhardt, D., Nelson, P. K. et al.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: The Lancet
Volume: 380
Page numbers: 2224-2260
Keywords: cannabis
Year Published: 2012

A case of self amputation of penis by cannabis induced psychosis Author(s): Khan MK, Usmani MA, Hanif SA.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Page numbers: 355-357
Keywords: Cannabis psychosis
Year Published: 2012

A brief intervention for help-seeking young adult and adolescent cannabis users with psychiatric comorbidity: findings and treatment manual. (NCPIC Technical Report no. 2) Author(s): Norberg, M. M., Battisti, R. A., Olivier, J., Copeland, J., Hermens, D. F., Hickie, I. B.
Document type: Web Page
Keywords: Cannabis adolescents mental health
Year Published: 2011

A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences, Monograph series 8, Volume 2 Author(s): EMCDDA,
Document type: Report
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2008

A behavioral economic approach to assessing demand for marijuana Author(s): Collins, R. L., Vincent, P. C., Yu, J., Liu, L., & Epstein, L. H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
Volume: 22
Page numbers: 211-221
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, dependence
Year Published: 2014

2012 Author(s): White, V., Bariola, E.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis, adolescents
Year Published: 2013

2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: First results Author(s): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare,
Document type: Book
Keywords: population epidemiology studies
Year Published: 2008

2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey report. Drug statistics series no. 25. Cat. no. PHE 145 Author(s): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: Cannabis use prevalence
Year Published: 2011

12-step self-help group participation as a predictor of marijuana abstinence Author(s): Bonn-Miller, M.O. Zvolensky, M.J., Moos, R.H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction Research and Theory
Issue: 1
Page numbers: 76-84
Keywords: cannabis treatment
Abstract: This study examined the associations between 12-step self-help group participation following substance abuse treatment and abstinence from marijuana use at 1-, 2-, and 5-years post-treatment. These associations were examined among 1288 male patients of the Department of Veterans Affairs who used marijuana within the 3 months prior to admission to treatment and discontinued use at treatment discharge. Consistent with expectation, 12-step self-help group attendance during the 3 months prior to each follow-up was significantly related to corresponding rates of abstinence at each follow-up time point. Additionally, 12-step self-help group attendance predicted more distal marijuana abstinence and recent attendance added to the prediction. Subsidiary analyses indicated that self-help attendance was important both for the maintenance of marijuana abstinence and for the re-initiation of abstinence after a relapse. Results are discussed in relation to better understanding the role of 12-step self-help group attendance in the initiation and maintenance of marijuana abstinence. Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/16066359.2010.499182
Year Published: 2011

The Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test (CUPIT): a measure of current and developing cannabis use disorder among adolescents and adults Author(s): Bashford, J., Flett, R., Copeland, J.
Document type: Book Section
Keywords: cannabis use disorder, measure, clinical tool
Year Published: 2012

Tolerance and cross-tolerance to neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis users Author(s): Ramaekers JG, Theunissen EL, de Brouwer M, Toennes SW, Moeller MR, Kauert G.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Volume: 214
Page numbers: 391-401
Keywords: Cannabis health effects
Year Published: 2011

Subjective and physiological effects after controlled Sativex and Oral THC administration Author(s): Karschner EL, Darwin WD, McMahon RP, Liu F, Wright S, Goodwin RS, Huestis MA
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Volume: 89
Page numbers: 400-407
Keywords: Cannabis Sativex
Year Published: 2011

Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife Author(s): Meier, M. H., Caspi, A., Ambler, A., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Keefe, R. S. E., … Moffitt, T. E.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume: 109
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2013

Order of age at onset for substance use, substance use disorder, conduct disorder and psychiatric illness Author(s): Guldager, S., Holm Linneberg, I., Hesse. M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Mental Health and Substance Use
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 73-84
Keywords: cannabis gateway epidemiology
Year Published: 2012

Marijuana Smoking Does Not Accelerate Progression of Liver Disease in HIV-Hepatitis C Coinfection: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis. Author(s): Brunet L, Moodie EE, Rollet K, Cooper C, Walmsley S, Potter M, Klein MB; Canadian Co-infection Cohort Investigators
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume: 57
Page numbers: 663-670
Keywords: cannabis, health, liver, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

Novel Pharmacologic Approaches to Treating Cannabis Use Disorder Author(s): Balter, R. E., Cooper, Z. D., & Haney, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Current Addiction Reports
Volume: 1
Page numbers: 137-143
Keywords: cannabis, treatment, withdrawal, pharmacology
Year Published: 2014

Licensing and regulation of the cannabis market in England and Wales: Towards a cost-benefit analysis Author(s): Bryan, M, Del Bono, E., Pudney, S.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis, legalisation
Year Published: 2013

Intangible outcomes from a policy change: using contingent valuation to quantify potential stigma from a cannabis offence Author(s): Shanahan, M., Ritter, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Experimental Criminology
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, policy
Year Published: 2013

). Increased blood pressure following abrupt cessation of daily cannabis use Author(s): Vandrey R, Umbricht A, Strain EC
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Addiction Medicine
Volume: 5
Page numbers: 42064
Keywords: Cannabis health effects
Year Published: 2011

). Impulsivity, Sensation-Seeking, and Part-Time Job Status in Relation to Substance Use and Gambling in Adolescents. Author(s): Leeman, R.F., Hoff, R.A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Patock-Peckham, J.A. & Potenza, M.N.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology
Year Published: 2013

). Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users Author(s): Di Forti, M., Sallis, H., Allegri, F., Trotta, A., Ferraro, L., Stilo, S. A., ... Murray, R. M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Volume: Advance online publication
Keywords: cannabis, epidemiology, health, psychosis
Year Published: 2014

). Ecological momentary assessment in alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and opiate dependence: A comparison of feasibility and validity Author(s): Serre, F., Fatseas, M., Debrabant, R., Alexandre, J.M., Auriacombe, M., & Swendsen, J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Volume: 126
Page numbers: 118-123
Keywords: cannabis assessment
Year Published: 2012

). Cannabis use among young people in Pacific Island Countries and Territories Author(s): Howard, J. & Ali, H.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Volume: 38
Page numbers: 89-90
Year Published: 2014

). Cannabidiol attenuates catalepsy induced by distinct pharmacological mechanisms via 5-HT1A receptor activation in mice Author(s): Gomes, F.V., Del Bel, E.A., Guimarães, F.S.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Volume: 46
Page numbers: 43-47
Keywords: cannabis, health, medicine, medicinal use
Year Published: 2013

An evaluation of web-based clinical practice guidelines for managing problems associated with cannabis use Author(s): Norberg, M. M., Turner, M. W., Rooke, S. E., Langton, J. M., Gates, P. J.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Volume: 14
Page numbers: e169
Keywords: cannabis, guidelines, intervention
Year Published: 2012

Australian secondary school students' use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2011: report Author(s): White, V., Bariola, E.
Document type: Government Document
Keywords: cannabis adolescent
Year Published: 2012

2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey report (Drug statistics series no. 25) Author(s): Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Document type: Government Document
Year Published: 2011

You can't go without a fag ... you need it for your hash' - a qualitative exploration of smoking, cannabis and young people Author(s): Amos, A., Wiltshire, S., Bostock, Y., Haw, S., & McNeill, A.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Addiction
Volume: 99
Page numbers: 77-81
Keywords: cannabis youth
Abstract: Aims: To examine the relationship between smoking tobacco and cannabis use among smokers in their mid-to-late teens. Design and participants Two qualitative studies in Scotland. One study used semistructured paired interviews involving 99 16–19-year-old smokers, the other comprised eight focus groups involving 46 15–16-year-old smokers. Measurement The interviews and focus groups explored the role and meaning of smoking in the participants’ lives, smoking histories and future cessation intentions and how these related to other aspects of their lives, particularly cannabis use. Findings Cannabis use was regarded as an important and enjoyable aspect of many of the participants’ lives. Importantly, cannabis use and cigarette smoking were linked inextricably. Several reported how smoking joints had been a ‘gateway’ to smoking cigarettes. While most wanted to quit smoking cigarettes, cannabis use reinforced their cigarette smoking and few wanted to stop using cannabis. Conclusion National studies need to be conducted to examine how widespread the problem identified is and tobacco control initiatives and smoking cessation treatment services need to consider urgently how to overcome the barrier that a desire on the part of young people to continue cannabis smoking poses to achieving a reduction in tobacco use.
Year Published: 2004

Rushing behind the wheel': Investigating the prevalence of 'drug driving' among club and rave patrons in Melbourne, Australia Author(s): Duff, Cameron; Rowland, Bosco
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 299-312
Notes: 0968-7637
Keywords: cannabis driving
Year Published: 2006

Illegal" drugs and driving in Spain Author(s): Alvarez, F.; Prada, Rocio; del Rio, M.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Medical Science Research
Volume: 19
Issue: 15
Page numbers: 491-492
Notes: Journal Peer Reviewed Status Unknown
Keywords: cannabis driving
Abstract: Studied illegal drug consumption by Spanish drivers through questionnaires completed by 491 male and 184 female drivers (aged 18-70 yrs). Findings show that 3.4% of the Ss had driven a vehicle at least once after taking illegal drugs. The figure was highest for those aged 18-24 yrs, and the percentage rose with their academic level. 56.6% of those individuals (1.9% of the total sample) recognized that driving under the influence of illegal drugs affected their performance. It was more common among males (2.7%) as compared with females (1.6%), in those aged 18-24 yrs (3%), and in those with higher (3.5%) and university (3.1%) education. Drugs used were mainly cannabis (61.5%), amphetamines (38.5%), and cocaine (30.7%). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
ISBN: 0269-8951
Language : English
Year Published: 1991

Spice" and "k2" herbal highs: a case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans Author(s): Gunderson EW, Haughey HM, Ait-Daoud N, Joshi AS, Hart CL
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: American Journals on Addictions
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Page numbers: 320-326
Keywords: cannabis synthetic cannabinoids
Year Published: 2012

Abstinence symptoms following smoked marijuana in humans Author(s): Haney, M.; Ward, A.S.; Comer, S.D.; Foltin, R.W.; Fischman, M.W.
Document type: Journal Article
Journal: Psychopharmacology
Page numbers: 1432-2072
Volume: 141
Issue: 4
Keywords: cannabis other
Year Published: 1999
Timestamp : 40553.54167
URL Date : 0000-00-00

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